The present disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising at least one sensing capacitor and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to receive a signal from the at least one sensing capacitor indicative of a change of charge of the sensing capacitor, and wherein the controller is configured to determine an amount of force applied to the sensing capacitor, an acceleration of the sensing capacitor, a torsion of the sensing capacitor, a vibration of the sensing capacitor or a pulling force applied to the sensing capacitor based on the change of charge of the at least one sensing capacitor.

Stretchable electronic structure comprising one intrinsically fragile thin film integrated on or within a soft heterogeneous substrate. The invention also relates to a process for manufacturing such a structure.

The invention discloses an attached resistance strain sensor assembly includes a sensor body, wherein substrates are respectively mounted at two ends of a lower end face of the sensor body, a heat insulation layer is provided between two of the substrates, the heat insulation layer covers the lower end face of the sensor body, an outer cover is covered above the sensor body, two ends of the outer cover are respectively mounted on the two substrates, and a wiring terminal is provided at one side of the outer cover. The sensor assembly can be mounted to a structural member by electric welding, so that the influence of high temperature on the performance of an elastic part in the sensor body during welding is reduced, the output value of the sensor is still in an expected range, and a more accurate load measurement value can be obtained.

A cost calculating device mounted on a vehicle to calculate repair cost for damage includes a number of pressure sensors, at least one flaw detector, and a processor. The pressure sensors detect changes in pressure value in collisions. The processor acquires the pressure values from each of the pressure sensors and determines whether a pressure value is greater than a preset value. The flaw detector detects damage data if the acquired pressure value is greater than the preset value. The processor further determines a damage ratio according to the damage data and a pre-stored data for undamaged vehicle, and determines a repair cost according to the damage ratio and a pre-stored table recording a relationship between different damage ratios and repair costs. A cost calculating method is also provided.

A load sensor includes a core having a hollow part provided therein and containing magnetic material and a coil attached to the core. A magnetic path along which a magnetic flux generated by a current flowing in the coil is formed along a circumference direction of the hollow part. The core has a load-receiving portion that receives a load at a surface of the core located in a crossing direction crossing a plane along which the magnetic path is formed.

A pressure array sensor module, comprising an array electrode board, a plurality of pressure sensing elements, at least one first conductive structure and at least one second conductive structure is provided. The array electrode board comprises a substrate and an electrode array disposed on the substrate and having a first electrode pattern and a second electrode pattern. Each pressure sensing element is disposed at a sensing position on the array electrode board, and comprises a top electrode layer, a bottom electrode layer and at least one pressure sensing layer disposed between the top electrode layer and the bottom electrode layer. The top electrode layer has a first lead. The bottom electrode layer has a second lead. The first conductive structure electrically connects the first lead and the corresponding first electrode pattern. The second conductive structure electrically connects the second lead and the corresponding second electrode pattern.

A strain body of a force sensor according to the present invention includes a tilting structure disposed between a force receiving body and a support body, a force-receiving-body-side deformable body connecting the force receiving body and the tilting structure, and a support-body-side deformable body connecting the tilting structure and the support body. The tilting structure includes a first tilting body that extends in a second direction orthogonal to a first direction and that is elastically deformable by the action of force in the first direction.

The invention discloses a handheld constant-stiffness ring shear apparatus which comprises a base and an annular rigid frame arranged on the base in a sleeved mode, wherein an upper cover is buckled to the top of the rigid frame, a pressure transmission plate is fixed to the upper portion of the upper cover, a rotary shaft is perpendicularly arranged in the center of the base, the rotary shaft penetrates through the pressure transmission plate and is fixed to the pressure transmission plate, a spanner is fixed to the top end of the rotary shaft, and a digital display instrument is embedded in the spanner. The handheld constant-stiffness ring shear apparatus is convenient to carry, easy to operate, economical and practical and is used for measuring the volume change of a soil sample at a field location under the constant-stiffness condition in the shear force resisting and shearing process.

A load cell includes a flexure element having a Roberval mechanism in which the respective ends of a pair of top and bottom parallel beams including a thin section are integrated in a fixed portion and in a movable portion, and a stopper for preventing an overload disposed between the pair of the top and bottom parallel beams by being fixed to the fixed portion. The front portion of the stopper is disposed in a concave portion for engaging the stopper formed on the inner side surface of the movable portion and extending in the width direction, and the front portion of the stopper of which a width is larger than the movable portion projects outwardly in the width direction of the movable portion.

Systems and methods are disclosed relating to composite photonic materials used to design structures and detecting material deformation for the purpose of monitoring structural health of physical structures. According to one aspect, a composite structure is provided that includes a base material, an optical diffraction grating and one or more fluorophore materials constructed such that localized perturbations create a measurable change in the structure's diffraction pattern. An inspection device is also provided that is configured to detect perturbations in the composite structure. The inspection device is configured to emit an inspecting radiation into the structure and capture the refracted radiation and measure the change in the diffraction pattern and quantify the perturbation based on the wavelength and the angular information for the diffracted radiation.