A stress measuring structure, including a substrate, a support layer, a material layer, and multiple marks, is provided. The support layer is disposed on the substrate. The material layer is disposed on the support layer. There is a trench exposing the support layer in the material layer. The material layer includes a main body and a cantilever beam. The trench is located between the cantilever beam and the main body and partially separates the cantilever beam from the main body. One end of the cantilever beam is connected to the main body. The marks are located on the main body and the cantilever beam.

A stress measuring structure, including a substrate, a support layer, a material layer, and multiple marks, is provided. The support layer is disposed on the substrate. The material layer is disposed on the support layer. There is a trench exposing the support layer in the material layer. The material layer includes a main body and a cantilever beam. The trench is located between the cantilever beam and the main body and partially separates the cantilever beam from the main body. One end of the cantilever beam is connected to the main body. The marks are located on the main body and the cantilever beam.

The present invention is a system and method using a hand-mounted force sensor to verify installation of a CPA-enabled electrical connector. The system has at least one CPA-enabled electrical connector with a locking button; at least one hand-mounted force sensor; an interface board; a transmission channel; a system processor; a non-transitory computer readable memory element; a display; and an input. The hand-mounted force sensors have an electrical output that is proportional to the force. By interposing a force sensor between the locking button and the source of force, the force to close the locking tab can be read. The method is accomplished with the steps of mounting at least one force sensor so that it will record the force exerted when depressing a locking button of a CPA-enabled electrical connector; depressing the locking button; measuring the force; recording the force; comparing the force to a pre-determined threshold; passing the CPA-enabled electrical connector if the force was less than the pre-determined threshold and otherwise failing it.

An in-situ stress measurement method is provided. The method includes measuring a length of a maximum diameter at which an amount of distortion relative to a diameter of a standard circle of a measurement cross section of a boring core is largest and a length of a minimum diameter at which the amount of distortion relative to the diameter of the standard circle is smallest based on a shape of the measurement cross section of the boring core; measuring a length of a diameter in a vertical direction and a length of a diameter in a horizontal direction of the measurement cross section of a side-wall core acquired by hollowing ground in a well in an excavation direction thereof, based on a shape of the measurement cross section of the side-wall core; and calculating a maximum horizontal stress and a minimum horizontal stress by first and second equations.

A bending sensor includes a flexible substrate made of polyimide; a laser-induced graphene electrode formed into a top surface of the flexible substrate; and first and second pads formed as a laser-induced graphene into the top surface of the flexible substrate, wherein the first and second pads are in electrical contact with the laser-induced graphene electrode. A bending of the flexible substrate and the laser-induced graphene electrode changes a resistivity of the laser-induced graphene electrode, which is indicative of an amount of bending.

Systems and methods for providing low-power sensing, identification, and sweep detection for items on a sensor mat are provided. Item detection sensors are provided in grid on a sensor mat. A first subset of the item detection sensors are sensed at a first time, and a second subset of the item detection sensors are sensed at a second time. The item detection sensors of the first and second subsets are chosen such that they span the surface of the sensor mat, and so that the sensors of the chosen subsets include all of the sensors of the mat after multiple sensing steps have been completed.

A method configured to produce a pressure-sensitive sensor composed of a cylindrical-shape body including therein a hollow portion along a longitudinal direction of that sensor, and being made of an elastic electrical insulating member, and a plurality of electrode wires arranged helically along an inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical-shape body and arranged in such a manner as to have no contact with each other. The method includes, with an extruder with a head, extrusion-molding the cylindrical-shape body while running the plurality of electrode wires into that head in such a manner that a periphery of the plurality of electrode wires is coated with the cylindrical-shape body, and taking up the cylindrical-shape body and the plurality of electrode wires ejected from the extruder while rotating the cylindrical-shape body and the plurality of electrode wires in a circumferential direction of the sensor, to thereby helically arrange the plurality of electrode wires.

A load cell has a monolithic measuring body. The monolithic measuring body has: a force-supporting section; a force-introduction section; and a linkage section disposed between the force-supporting section and the force-introduction section. The monolithic measuring body has a longitudinal axis between a force-supporting-side axial end and a force-introduction-side axial end. The longitudinal axis is configured to extend in a horizontal direction. The monolithic measuring body further has, in the force-supporting section, at least one mounting hole for attachment of the monolithic measuring body, the axis of the at least one mounting hole extending in the horizontal direction. At least one strain gauge is configured to sense tensile or compressive deformation of the monolithic measuring body and is in a region of the linkage section on a top side or a bottom side of the monolithic measuring body, the at least one strain gauge being oriented in the horizontal direction.

A system for mechanical testing a specimen includes a 3D printed mechanical testing fixture; a linear actuator having an axis of movement; a controller configured to control the linear actuator; two cameras; a data-acquisition system configured to acquire data from the linear actuator, the controller, and the two cameras; and the specimen. The specimen is marked in two locations with tracking markers to provide indication to the data acquisition system via at least one camera of movement and change in length of the specimen. The fixture includes force-sensing beams extending perpendicular to the axis of force.

There is provided an electric toothbrush including a toothbrush head, a toothbrush handle and a force sensing array. The force sensing array is arranged on the toothbrush head and/or the toothbrush handle. When the force sensing array is arranged on the toothbrush head, it is able to detect the force uniformity of brush hairs. When the force sensing array is arranged on the toothbrush handle, it is able to control the vibration strength of the brush hairs and detect the pressing force of the brush hairs.