An apparatus includes a header containing a sensor configured to measure pressure and a sensor body connected to the header, where the sensor body and the header form a pressure vessel configured to receive an input pressure. The header is connected to the sensor body such that the input pressure received on an inner surface of the header is substantially equal to the input pressure received on an outer surface of the header. A lowest connection point of the header to the sensor body may be located at or above a highest point at which the input pressure extends into the header. A lower portion of the header may be unconnected to the sensor body and extend into an interior volume of the sensor body. The header may include a vent configured to expose the sensor to atmospheric pressure or a lower-pressure input pressure.

A substrate treatment apparatus according to the present invention is provided with a first tank that stores treatment liquid for treating a substrate and a first path that returns the treatment liquid, which has spilled over from an upper part of the first tank, to a lower part of the first tank. A second path that branches from the first path, a measurement tank that stores the treatment liquid, which has flowed in from the second path, and a pressure measurement part that measures the pressure of the treatment liquid at a predetermined depth in the measurement tank in a state in which the treatment liquid spills over from an upper part of the measurement tank are provided. Therefore, techniques for highly precisely measuring the pressure of the treatment liquid used in treatment of substrates can be provided.

A substrate treatment apparatus according to the present invention is provided with a first tank that stores treatment liquid for treating a substrate and a first path that returns the treatment liquid, which has spilled over from an upper part of the first tank, to a lower part of the first tank. A second path that branches from the first path, a measurement tank that stores the treatment liquid, which has flowed in from the second path, and a pressure measurement part that measures the pressure of the treatment liquid at a predetermined depth in the measurement tank in a state in which the treatment liquid spills over from an upper part of the measurement tank are provided. Therefore, techniques for highly precisely measuring the pressure of the treatment liquid used in treatment of substrates can be provided.

A module is operable to monitor at least a pressure within a tire of a wheel, the module being operatively mounted to said wheel, the module including (a) a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure (P) and generating a corresponding pressure signal; and b1) an associated data memory including a data field containing data relevant to the functional status of the tire.

A pressure sensing device that includes a pressure sensing element that is of microscopic scale and has a pressure level dependent thermal parameter; a signal source that is configured to supply an input electrical signal to the pressure sensing element; and a monitor that is configured to (a) measure electrical output signals generated by the pressure sensing element as a result of the supply of the input electrical signal and (b) estimate a pressure level applied on the pressure sensing element based on the electrical output signals.

A high-temperature gas pressure measuring method includes a pressure measuring gas housing dividing step for dividing a pressure measuring gas housing into a pressure measuring room and a pressure referring room by a metal diaphragm; a gas introducing step for introducing high temperature gas into the pressure measuring room and introducing a reference pressure gas into the pressure referring room; a displacement measuring step for measuring a displacement of the metal diaphragm, wherein the displacement is caused by pressure difference between the two rooms in pressure measuring gas housing; and a pressure determining step for measuring the pressure of a high-temperature and/or corrosive to-measure pressure gas. The method dispenses with any corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant pressure sensing component and thus cuts costs.

An environment sensitive coating system is disclosed that includes a pressure sensitive component comprising a first portion of an oxygen sensitive light emitting material dispersed in an oxygen permeable binder; and a pressure reference component comprising a second portion of the oxygen sensitive light emitting material dispersed in an oxygen impermeable binder.

An environment sensitive coating system is disclosed that includes a pressure sensitive component comprising a first portion of an oxygen sensitive light emitting material dispersed in an oxygen permeable binder; and a pressure reference component comprising a second portion of the oxygen sensitive light emitting material dispersed in an oxygen impermeable binder.

A pressure sensor and its use for visually determining whether a preselected pressure threshold has been achieved, for example during high pressure processing treatment of a foodstuff The pressure sensor includes a contained color-changing system having a dye, a developer, and a solvent; upon achievement of the preselected pressure threshold, the dye and the developer interact, resulting in a visible color change. Further, the visible color change can be retained upon a decrease in pressure and upon an increase in temperature, thereby effectively recording the achievement of the preselected pressure threshold during the high pressure processing treatment.

An improved method for determining pressure in a lyophilisation system containing a lyophilisation chamber and a condenser chamber wherein a freeze drying operation is being performed is provided for. The improved method uses a temperature measuring device such as a thermocouple or a temperature resistance device to measure temperature and from this measurement the pressure of the components in the lyophilisation chamber can be calculated using a predetermined relationship between temperature and pressure.