A cylindrical battery having a pressure sensor measuring an internal pressure of a secondary battery includes: an electrode assembly including a cathode plate, an anode plate, and a separator electrically insulating the cathode plate and the anode plate from each other; the pressure sensor positioned on one side of the electrode assembly and embedded in the cylindrical battery; and a top cap positioned on the other side of the electrode assembly, wherein the pressure sensor has an insulating property.

A cylindrical battery having a pressure sensor measuring an internal pressure of a secondary battery includes: an electrode assembly including a cathode plate, an anode plate, and a separator electrically insulating the cathode plate and the anode plate from each other; the pressure sensor positioned on one side of the electrode assembly and embedded in the cylindrical battery; and a top cap positioned on the other side of the electrode assembly, wherein the pressure sensor has an insulating property.

A method of sensing a pressure applied to a surface comprises monitoring an electrical signal generated by redistribution of mobile ions in a piezoionic layer under the surface. An externally applied local pressure at a portion of the layer induces redistribution of mobile ions in the piezoionic layer. It is determined that the surface is pressured based on detection of the electrical signal. A piezoionic sensor includes a sensing surface; a piezoionic layer disposed under the sensing surface such that an externally applied local pressure on a portion of the sensing surface causes detectable redistribution of mobile ions in the piezoionic layer; and electrodes in contact with the layer, configured to monitor electrical signal generated by the redistribution of mobile ions in the piezoionic layer.

A method of sensing a pressure applied to a surface comprises monitoring an electrical signal generated by redistribution of mobile ions in a piezoionic layer under the surface. An externally applied local pressure at a portion of the layer induces redistribution of mobile ions in the piezoionic layer. It is determined that the surface is pressured based on detection of the electrical signal. A piezoionic sensor includes a sensing surface; a piezoionic layer disposed under the sensing surface such that an externally applied local pressure on a portion of the sensing surface causes detectable redistribution of mobile ions in the piezoionic layer; and electrodes in contact with the layer, configured to monitor electrical signal generated by the redistribution of mobile ions in the piezoionic layer.

An apparatus includes a sensor body, a sensor configured to measure differential pressure, and first and second pressure inputs in or on the sensor body. The pressure inputs are configured to provide multiple input pressures to the sensor. Each pressure input includes a barrier diaphragm configured to move in response to pressure and an overload diaphragm configured to limit movement of the barrier diaphragm. The overload diaphragm is also configured to exert a preload force against the sensor body. The overload diaphragm of each pressure input may include multiple convolutions. Bases of the convolutions may be configured to provide the preload force, and tops of the convolutions may be separated from the sensor body by gaps. Tops of the convolutions that are non-adjacent may be configured to provide the preload force, and tops of the convolutions between the non-adjacent convolutions may be separated from the sensor body by gaps.

Described is a measuring device for determining a process measurement variable, in particular a pressure, a filling level, and/or a limit level of a medium. The measuring device has a measuring module for recording a measured value of the process measurement variable, a communication module which is configured for data transmission to a communication device, in particular for transmission of a measurement signal correlating with the measured value to the communication device, an electrical load which is supplied with electrical power by means of a supply line of the measuring device. In this case, a switching element for activating and deactivating a power supply of the electrical load is arranged in the supply line, the measuring device is configured in order, based upon the switching element, to deactivate the power supply at least during a part of a transmission time and/or at least during a part of a measurement time.

Described is a measuring device for determining a process measurement variable, in particular a pressure, a filling level, and/or a limit level of a medium. The measuring device has a measuring module for recording a measured value of the process measurement variable, a communication module which is configured for data transmission to a communication device, in particular for transmission of a measurement signal correlating with the measured value to the communication device, an electrical load which is supplied with electrical power by means of a supply line of the measuring device. In this case, a switching element for activating and deactivating a power supply of the electrical load is arranged in the supply line, the measuring device is configured in order, based upon the switching element, to deactivate the power supply at least during a part of a transmission time and/or at least during a part of a measurement time.

A pressure sensor and its use for visually determining whether a preselected pressure threshold has been achieved, for example during high pressure processing treatment of a foodstuff. The pressure sensor includes a contained color-changing system having a dye, a developer, and a solvent; upon achievement of the preselected pressure threshold, the dye and the developer interact, resulting in a visible color change. Further, the visible color change can be retained upon a decrease in pressure and upon an increase in temperature, thereby effectively recording the achievement of the preselected pressure threshold during the high pressure processing treatment.

A substrate treatment apparatus according to the present invention is provided with a first tank that stores treatment liquid for treating a substrate and a first path that returns the treatment liquid, which has spilled over from an upper part of the first tank, to a lower part of the first tank. A second path that branches from the first path, a measurement tank that stores the treatment liquid, which has flowed in from the second path, and a pressure measurement part that measures the pressure of the treatment liquid at a predetermined depth in the measurement tank in a state in which the treatment liquid spills over from an upper part of the measurement tank are provided. Therefore, techniques for highly precisely measuring the pressure of the treatment liquid used in treatment of substrates can be provided.

A substrate treatment apparatus according to the present invention is provided with a first tank that stores treatment liquid for treating a substrate and a first path that returns the treatment liquid, which has spilled over from an upper part of the first tank, to a lower part of the first tank. A second path that branches from the first path, a measurement tank that stores the treatment liquid, which has flowed in from the second path, and a pressure measurement part that measures the pressure of the treatment liquid at a predetermined depth in the measurement tank in a state in which the treatment liquid spills over from an upper part of the measurement tank are provided. Therefore, techniques for highly precisely measuring the pressure of the treatment liquid used in treatment of substrates can be provided.