A vehicle guidance system, including: surface-mounted pressure sensors mounted on a vehicle; an air data estimation controller including: a preprocessor that sets initial values for angle of attack and sideslip angle, determines a converged value for the angle of attack using the initial values and values of one or more first sets of three sensors, each first set of sensors are located among three different planes that are parallel to the ground, and provides a converged sideslip angle value based on the converged value and values of one or more second sets of three sensors, each second set of sensors located among three different planes that are perpendicular to the ground; a processor that estimates air data based on the converged value for the angle of attack and the converged sideslip angle value; and processor that provides an output for adjusting orientation of a vehicle based on the air data.

An ultra-low pressure, vapor analyte, and vapor pathway parameter monitoring system can include an embedded server comprising a base radio and memory. In some embodiments, the embedded server is communicatively coupled to a third-party database. The system can include a first monitoring device comprising a first ultra-low pressure sensor and a first radio communicatively coupled to the base radio. The embedded server can be remotely located with respect to the first monitoring device whereby the embedded server receives first pressure data from the first monitoring device.

A pressure sensor which detects a combustion pressure of an engine includes: a contact part which is in direct or indirect contact with a casing of the engine when the pressure sensor is attached to the engine; and a pressure detection unit which detects the combustion pressure and outputs a signal corresponding to the combustion pressure, wherein the pressure detection unit includes a pressure detection element which detects the combustion pressure and outputs a signal, and a circuit unit which converts the signal obtained from the pressure detection element into a signal corresponding to the combustion pressure, and the pressure detection unit is provided at a location positioned more inside the engine than the contact part when the pressure sensor is attached to the engine.

An electrode performance evaluation system and an electrode performance evaluation method is disclosed. The method includes acquiring impedance measurement data for different frequencies by applying an alternating current signal to an electrode assembly including an electrode which is immersed in an electrolyte solution, calculating impedance calculation data for different frequencies while changing the frequency of an impedance equation corresponding to a circuit model of the electrode assembly, calculating the resistance value of ion bulk resistance in the electrolyte solution using the ion conductivity of the electrolyte solution, the area of the electrode and the thickness and porosity of an active material layer of the electrode, and determining effective tortuosity as a factor of the electrode performance based on the impedance measurement data for different frequencies, the impedance calculation data for different frequencies and the resistance value of the ion bulk resistance.

The present disclosure provides a pressure sensor, including a chamber and a film. The chamber includes a first wall with a first electrode and a second wall with a second electrode. The first wall faces the second wall, and the first electrode and the second electrode respectively include conductive or semiconductive material. The film lines a surface inside the chamber exclusive of the first electrode and the second electrode for blocking outgassing entering the chamber from the surface. A method of manufacturing the pressure sensor is also disclosed.

A method for estimating the pressure measurement bias of a barometric sensor in a wireless terminal. A location engine using the method generates an enhanced estimate of the measurement bias. The location engine generates the enhanced estimate based in part on relatively coarse estimates of the elevation of the wireless terminal. Each coarse estimate of elevation is often generated from noisy measurements, such as measurements of signals transmitted by Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites, and has an associated uncertainty. The location engine accounts for the uncertainty in these estimates of elevation by applying an optimal estimation technique, such as Kalman filtering, and by compensating for environment-related effects. Compensating Includes filtering across a plurality of lateral locations and imposing a lower bound of bias uncertainty at the lateral locations. Once the location engine generates the enhanced estimate of measurement bias, it can generate improved estimates of elevation of the wireless terminal.

An interface pressure sensor includes a fluid pressure sensor disposed in a volume defined by a shear wall. The volume is enclosed, and the fluid pressure sensor is encapsulated by, an infill material. The infill material defines a sensing surface that, when pressed, can impart a force that is detectable by the fluid pressure sensor.

Each of a plurality of hydraulic pressure sensors includes a lower case and an upper case fixed above the lower case. A valve body includes an upper body including a hole portion arranged to house the hydraulic pressure sensors, and a lower body including an oil passage. A pressed portion is defined in the lower case. The pressed portion is arranged to project horizontally in the lower case so as to be opposed to the upper case. The pressed portion is arranged to be pressed downward by a pressing portion of the upper body. At least one of the upper body and the lower body includes a positioning portion arranged to horizontally position each of the hydraulic pressure sensors in the hole portion.

A plunger head for a fluid injection device includes a transducer disposed in the plunger head to measure a compressive force when applied to the plunger head. The plunger head also includes a power source and a microcontroller disposed in the plunger head. The microcontroller is coupled to the power source and the transducer, and the microcontroller is coupled to enter a high-power mode in response to sensing application of the compressive force to the plunger head.

A sensor for measuring pressure, temperature or both may be provided. The sensor may include a diaphragm that may respond to a change in temperature or pressure, a base connected to the diaphragm, a cavity, and an optical fiber that may conduct light reflected off of a surface of the diaphragm. The diaphragm and base may be sapphire elements. An interrogator may be provided for detecting a deflection of the diaphragm.