A method may involve controlling, via a control system, the apparatus to provide a first prompt to place a digit on an outer surface of the apparatus in a fingerprint sensor system area. The method may involve determining, via the control system, a digit force or a digit pressure of the digit on the outer surface of the apparatus. The method may involve controlling, via the control system, the apparatus to provide a second prompt corresponding to the digit force or the digit pressure.

A method may involve controlling, via a control system, the apparatus to provide a first prompt to place a digit on an outer surface of the apparatus in a fingerprint sensor system area. The method may involve determining, via the control system, a digit force or a digit pressure of the digit on the outer surface of the apparatus. The method may involve controlling, via the control system, the apparatus to provide a second prompt corresponding to the digit force or the digit pressure.

A method to test a size of a hole includes causing a test probe to vibrate and contact multiple portions of an edge of the hole for a testing cycle when the test probe is inserted into the hole, measuring displacement of the test probe, by a sensor coupled to the test probe, as the test probe makes contact with the multiple portions of the edge of the hole, estimating a measurement of the size of the hole based on the displacement of the test probe and reference to calibrated measurements of reference holes, and outputting a notification indicative of an estimation of the measurement.

A method to test a size of a hole includes causing a test probe to vibrate and contact multiple portions of an edge of the hole for a testing cycle when the test probe is inserted into the hole, measuring displacement of the test probe, by a sensor coupled to the test probe, as the test probe makes contact with the multiple portions of the edge of the hole, estimating a measurement of the size of the hole based on the displacement of the test probe and reference to calibrated measurements of reference holes, and outputting a notification indicative of an estimation of the measurement.

An apparatus for calibrating a rotational tool includes a communications interface configured to establish a wireless communications link between a rotational tool and a calibrator to communicate one of a tool torque measurement or a calibrator torque measurement via the communications link. The apparatus may further include calibration processing circuitry configured to receive the tool torque measurement measured by a tool torque sensor, and receive the calibrator torque measurement measured by a calibrator torque sensor. The calibration processing circuitry may also be configured to compare the tool torque measurement to the calibrator torque measurement to determine a difference value, aggregate the difference value with previously determined difference values to determine an updated torque calibration factor, and cause a torque calibration factor associated with a torque sensor of the rotational tool to be automatically replaced with the updated torque calibration factor in the memory of the rotational tool.

For more accurate load measurement, a load measuring arrangement includes a test object and a load measuring device for measuring a load on the test object. The load measuring device includes at least one magnetic field detection device for detecting a magnetic field parameter changing due to load at a measuring zone of the test object. The test object is work-hardened, at least at the measuring zone and at least in a near-surface region extending from a surface facing the magnetic field detection device to a depth of 20 μm, in such a way that it has a dislocation density of at least 5e8/cm.sup.2 and/or a residual stress of at least 400 MPa in amount.

A pressure sensor device includes an electrically insulative substrate, a base electrode layer, spacer portions, a guard electrode layer, and a membrane plate. A sensing electrode portion and monitoring electrode portions are located on the membrane plate and face the substrate. In a case where the monitoring electrodes are mounted on a circuit board, the monitoring electrodes detect at least one of stress or strain occurring in or on the spacer portions.

A pressure sensor device includes an electrically insulative substrate, a base electrode layer, spacer portions, a guard electrode layer, and a membrane plate. A sensing electrode portion and monitoring electrode portions are located on the membrane plate and face the substrate. In a case where the monitoring electrodes are mounted on a circuit board, the monitoring electrodes detect at least one of stress or strain occurring in or on the spacer portions.

The present disclosure provides an effective stress cell for direct measurement of effective stress in saturated soil. The effective stress cell comprises a sensing diaphragm, a porous diaphragm, a connector and a strain sensor. The porous diaphragm allows pore-water to enter the interior space between the sensing diaphragm and the porous diaphragm to provide complete balance of pore-water pressures in the front and back of the sensing diaphragm. Thus, the effective stress cell can directly and accurately measure the effective stress in saturated soil using only one diaphragm at one location without measuring pore-water pressure.

The present disclosure provides an effective stress cell for direct measurement of effective stress in saturated soil. The effective stress cell comprises a sensing diaphragm, a porous diaphragm, a connector and a strain sensor. The porous diaphragm allows pore-water to enter the interior space between the sensing diaphragm and the porous diaphragm to provide complete balance of pore-water pressures in the front and back of the sensing diaphragm. Thus, the effective stress cell can directly and accurately measure the effective stress in saturated soil using only one diaphragm at one location without measuring pore-water pressure.