An extreme ultraviolet (EUV) collector inspection apparatus and method capable of precisely inspecting a contamination state of an EUV collector and EUV reflectance in accordance with the contamination state are provided. The EUV collector inspection apparatus includes a light source arranged in front of an EUV collector to be inspected and configured to output light in a visible light (VIS) band from UV rays, an optical device configured to output narrowband light from the light, and a camera configured to perform imaging from an UV band to a VIS band. An image by wavelength of the EUV collector is obtained by using the optical device and the camera and a contamination state of the EUV collector is inspected.

A polarization-related characteristic of an optical path is determined from a predetermined function of the mean-square of a plurality of differences between polarization-analyzed optical power parameters corresponding to pairs of wavelengths mutually spaced about a midpoint wavelength by a small optical frequency difference. At least some of the said differences correspond to wavelength pairs measured under conditions where at least one of midpoint wavelength, input state of polarization (I-SOP) or analyzed state of polarization (A-SOP) of a pair is different.

An interferometric measurement method precisely determines parallelism and 3D position of guide pin holes and fiber holes in multi-fiber ferrules used in connectors. The parallelism and position are measured for the ferrule with inserted reference guide pins and reference fibers by scanning the ferrule from side in an interferometric system. Fiber hole deviations from designated locations on the ferrule end face and distance between the fiber holes and the guide pin holes are calculated as well.

The present invention relates to a visual efficacy determining method for non-colored objects in different light environments, comprising: a) setting light environment; b) placing an object for performing visual recognition of a driver; c) resetting the light environment, and repeating the step b); d) processing visual recognition information data obtained after experiments, and establishing a correlating relationship between visual recognition time and color temperature, color rendering index and brightness parameters of the light environment; and e) performing visual efficiency analysis according to the visual recognition information data processing results. The present invention further provides a system for implementing the visual efficacy determining method for non-colored objects in different light environments, wherein the system comprises a simulated tunnel middle section subsystem, a testing subsystem and a data processing subsystem. According to the method and the system disclosed by the present invention, visual efficacy analysis is performed on the visual influence of the light environment setting of the illumination of a night road and a tunnel middle section on the driver, and good guidance standards are provided for the reasonable and efficient setting of the color temperature, color rendering index and average brightness of a lighting device.

The present invention relates to a visual efficacy determining method for non-colored objects in different light environments, comprising: a) setting light environment; b) placing an object for performing visual recognition of a driver; c) resetting the light environment, and repeating the step b); d) processing visual recognition information data obtained after experiments, and establishing a correlating relationship between visual recognition time and color temperature, color rendering index and brightness parameters of the light environment; and e) performing visual efficiency analysis according to the visual recognition information data processing results. The present invention further provides a system for implementing the visual efficacy determining method for non-colored objects in different light environments, wherein the system comprises a simulated tunnel middle section subsystem, a testing subsystem and a data processing subsystem. According to the method and the system disclosed by the present invention, visual efficacy analysis is performed on the visual influence of the light environment setting of the illumination of a night road and a tunnel middle section on the driver, and good guidance standards are provided for the reasonable and efficient setting of the color temperature, color rendering index and average brightness of a lighting device.

A spheroidal mirror reflectivity measuring apparatus for extreme ultraviolet light may include an extreme ultraviolet light source, an optical system, and a first photosensor. The extreme ultraviolet light source may be configured to output extreme ultraviolet light to a spheroidal mirror that includes a spheroidal reflection surface. The optical system may be configured to allow the extreme ultraviolet light to travel to the spheroidal reflection surface via a first focal position of the spheroidal mirror. The first photosensor may be provided at a second focal position of the spheroidal mirror, and may be configured to detect the extreme ultraviolet light that has passed through the first focal position and then has been reflected by the spheroidal reflection surface.

The present disclosure provides for systems and methods for quasi-static and dynamic characterization and adjustment of radio frequency aperture and transmission. The system may comprise a transmission structure with a plurality of sensors. The system may comprise a plurality of optical metric markers. The system may receive corrective signals, shape, or deflection knowledge, or any combination thereof, from an estimator to one or more controllers. The method may comprise association of distance measurements received from a plurality of sensors through physical system identification to plot cartesian coordinates in three-dimensional space as a function of time. When the system comprises one or more controllers, the controllers may be actuated in response to shape or deformation knowledge provided by the computation module. The estimator may comprise phase correction of a large array from sparse data that is then translated to controller actuation.

A method for detecting the presence or absence of an ophthalmic lens (10), in particular of a contact lens, within a receptacle (1), including the steps of: detecting infrared radiation coming from at least a portion (3) of the receptacle (1) where the ophthalmic lens (10) is supposedly accommodated, analyzing the detected infrared radiation in a spectral portion in which absorbance (A.sub.L) of a material the ophthalmic lens is made of is significantly different from absorbance (A.sub.R) of a material the receptacle is made of, and from the analysis of the spectral portion detecting the presence or absence of the ophthalmic lens (10) within the receptacle.

A method for detecting the presence or absence of an ophthalmic lens (10), in particular of a contact lens, within a receptacle (1), including the steps of: detecting infrared radiation coming from at least a portion (3) of the receptacle (1) where the ophthalmic lens (10) is supposedly accommodated, analyzing the detected infrared radiation in a spectral portion in which absorbance (A.sub.L) of a material the ophthalmic lens is made of is significantly different from absorbance (A.sub.R) of a material the receptacle is made of, and from the analysis of the spectral portion detecting the presence or absence of the ophthalmic lens (10) within the receptacle.

A system and method for evaluating individual Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors in a multiplexed acoustic sensor system, the system comprising: a broadband pulsed source; a circulator that passes a laser pulse to a multiplexed series of N FBG sensors and one reference Fresnel reflector, wherein said circulator also receives a return N+1 reflection pulse train from the N FBG sensors and one reference Fresnel reflector; and an optical switch that receives the return N+1 reflection pulse train from the N FBG sensors and one reference Fresnel reflector.