The invention relates to an optical system and, in particular for characterizing a microlithography mask, comprising a light source for generating light of a wavelength of less than 30 nm, an illumination beam path leading from the light source to an object plane, an imaging beam path leading from the object plane to an image plane and a beam splitter, via which both the illumination beam path and the imaging beam path run.

An assembly for redirecting light emitted by an end-emitting optical fiber into an inner lumen of a body is provided. According to one implementation, the body includes one or more surfaces disposed on or in the body onto which the light is configured to impinge when the end emitting optical fiber is activated, the one or more surfaces being configured to alter the trajectory of the light so that the light is directed to impinge on a light reflector of a cap removably attached to the body, the light reflector of the cap being configured to redirect the light distally into the inner lumen of the body.

An optical signal detection apparatus. The apparatus includes an optical-to-electrical conversion module, a control module, a gain adjustment module, and an analog-to-digital conversion module. The optical-to-electrical conversion module is configured to receive an optical signal, and convert a received optical signal into an electrical signal; the control module is configured to obtain a first gain value corresponding to a first detection time period, the first detection time period is a detection time period in the detection cycle, different detection time periods in the detection cycle correspond to different gain values, and the first gain value is used for controlling the gain adjustment module to adjust an amplitude of the electrical signal; and the analog-to-digital conversion module is configured to perform sampling on an adjusted electrical signal, where the adjusted electrical signal is in a sampling range of the analog-to-digital conversion module.

A method and a system for interrogating an optical fiber includes a probe signal that has a first frequency comb at a first repetition rate (Δf) injected into the optical fiber. A backscattering signal that includes the probe signal convolved with an impulse response of the optical fiber in reflection which is sensitive to at least one parameter being measured from the optical fiber is gathered. The backscattering signal is beaten with a local oscillator signal to generate a beating signal, the local oscillator signal including a second frequency comb at a second repetition rate that is offset from the first repetition rate (Δf+δf) and being mutually coherent with the first frequency comb. The resulting beating signal is analysed to thereby determine the at least one parameter being measured from the optical fiber.

A multi-beam system includes a light source configured to emit light; a fiber bundle connected to the light source; and a camera configured to capture an image set including images corresponding to each fiber connected to the light source. The fiber bundle includes a central fiber having one end connected to the light source, and N layers of fibers surrounding the central fiber. The first layer of fibers includes M fibers, each having one end connected to the light source, and the Nth layer of fibers includes more than M fibers, but only M fibers in the Nth layer of fibers have one end connected the light source. A processor is configured to determine a centroid of each image in the image set to produce a centroid map and generate a fiber location map comprising fiber locations of all fibers in the fiber bundle based on the centroid map.

Optical gratings, such as those used in waveguide displays, may have large aspect ratios. For example, a grating characteristic (e.g., period, feature size, etc.) can be much smaller than the grating area. Variations in the grating characteristic over the grating area may appear like a secondary grating having a long grating period superimposed on a primary grating for which the optical grating was designed. Because variations responsible for the secondary grating occur over a long distance relative to the primary grating period, it may be difficult to locate and characterize these variations with testing methods designed for shorter distances. The present disclosure presents systems and methods to detect and characterize the secondary gratings quickly and efficiently.

The present application provides a display panel test method and a display panel test device. The display panel test method automatically searches for an alignment mark of a display panel. After the alignment mark is automatically found, a position of the alignment mark can be adjusted automatically. The alignment mark of the display panel can also be adjusted manually when the position of the alignment mark of the display panel cannot be automatically adjusted. Therefore, there is no need to conduct monitoring by manpower. After the alignment mark is found, there is no need to remove the display panel.

Provided with: a detecting means to detect a possible light intensity changing frequency of a measuring object; a frequency determining means to determine a light intensity changing frequency with reference to the possible light intensity changing frequency; a resolution determining means to determine a frequency resolution for flicker measuring with reference to the determined light intensity changing frequency; and a flicker measuring means to conduct flicker measuring with the determined frequency resolution. The resolution determining means determines the frequency resolution to be an integral submultiple of the light intensity changing frequency determined by the frequency determining means.

Disclosed are a system and techniques to determine a color of an optical fiber in a fiber optic cable. A spectrophotometer camera may obtain a color value of the optical fiber. A fiber adaptor is operable to hold a single optical fiber of a fiber optic cable in a field of view of the spectrophotometer camera. A memory storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, enable identifying a color of the optical fiber. The color value may be compared to a color value of a number of reference colors. A color match score value may be generated for the color value with respect to each reference color. A confidence value may be obtained for a pair of color match scores that are closest in score value. Based on the confidence value, one of the reference colors is identified as a color of the optical fiber.

A prism constant can be obtained more efficiently, using a laser positioning device including an image data obtaining portion obtaining an image data which is obtained by photographing a reflection prism device, a data storing portion storing a relationship of a prism constant of the reflection prism device and the image data, and a prism constant obtaining portion obtaining the prism constant of the reflection prism device based on the relationship.