An apparatus for performing ambient ionisation mass and/or ion mobility spectrometry is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a substantially cylindrical, tubular, rod-shaped, coil-shaped, helical or spiral-shaped collision assembly; and a first device arranged and adapted to direct analyte, smoke, fumes, liquid, gas, surgical smoke, aerosol or vapour onto said collision assembly.

The present disclosure provides a true triaxial tester with adjustable loading stiffness and a test method, relating to the technical field of rock mechanics. The tester includes a first principal stress variable stiffness loading apparatus, a second principal stress variable stiffness loading apparatus, a third principal stress loading apparatus, a monitoring system, and a control system. The monitoring system includes a stiffness sensor, a pressure sensor, and a displacement sensor. Loading stiffness in a first principal stress direction and a second principal stress direction is adjustable. The tester has the following advantages: it has fixed loading stiffness, can complete stiffness loading of one side being free and five sides being variable, and is easy to operate.

To estimate a fracture starting point of steel due to hydrogen embrittlement with high accuracy. A steel fracture starting point estimation device includes a hydrogen concentration distribution calculation unit adapted to calculate a hydrogen concentration distribution in steel-to-be-estimated when the steel fractures due to hydrogen embrittlement; a local critical hydrogen content calculation unit adapted to calculate critical hydrogen content at which the steel-to-be-estimated fractures due to hydrogen embrittlement; and a fracture starting point estimation unit adapted to read the hydrogen concentration distribution out of a storage unit. To estimate, calculate, from the hydrogen concentration distribution, a location in the steel in which hydrogen concentration of the critical hydrogen content is distributed, and designate the location in the steel as the fracture starting point of the steel-to-be-estimated.

A method is disclosed comprising obtaining physical or other non-mass spectrometric data from one or more regions of a target using a probe. The physical or other non-mass spectrometric data may be used to determine one or more regions of interest of the target. An ambient ionisation ion source may then used to generate an aerosol, smoke or vapour from one or more regions of the target.

A method is disclosed comprising obtaining physical or other non-mass spectrometric data from one or more regions of a target using a probe. The physical or other non-mass spectrometric data may be used to determine one or more regions of interest of the target. An ambient ionisation ion source may then used to generate an aerosol, smoke or vapour from one or more regions of the target.

A system includes a load actuator, a strain measurement device, and a computing device. The computing device is configured to receive an unconditioned displacement signal from the strain measurement device. The unconditioned displacement signal represents displacement of a specimen under load from the load actuator. The computing device is further configured to split the unconditioned displacement signal into a measurement signal and a control signal. The computing device is further configured to filter the control signal to generate a filtered control signal and control the load actuator based on the filtered control signal. The computing device is further configured to determine a strain on the specimen based on the measurement signal.

A mobile apparatus that is automated to measure controlled and applied forces to sport surfaces allowing for safety assessment of athletic apparel and athletic surfaces, such as natural or artificial turf. The apparatus is capable of using not only horizontal and vertical forces, but also rotational moments, and all prescribed forces and moments in combination at the same or different times. The apparatus and related system can apply horizontal and vertical forces, and rotational moments, and link these forces and moments together and combine them to more closely mimic behavior of human foot during an athletic movement, thereby applying and measuring interactions between all forces and moments at the same or different times.

A method is disclosed comprising obtaining or acquiring chemical or other non-mass spectrometric data from one or more regions of a target using a chemical sensor. The chemical or other non-mass spectrometric data may be used to determine one or more regions of interest of the target. An ambient ionisation ion source may then be used to generate aerosol, smoke or vapour from one or more regions of the target.

A method is disclosed comprising obtaining or acquiring chemical or other non-mass spectrometric data from one or more regions of a target using a chemical sensor. The chemical or other non-mass spectrometric data may be used to determine one or more regions of interest of the target. An ambient ionisation ion source may then be used to generate aerosol, smoke or vapour from one or more regions of the target.

The invention relates to a method for determining the replacement state of wear of a rope made of a textile fibre material, wherein, in the course of using the rope, the elongation of the rope is monitored over its entire length and the rope is discarded if the elongation of the rope over the entire length exceeds a predetermined maximum value (%). The method according to the invention is characterized in that also the local elongation of a discrete rope section is monitored and the rope is discarded if the local elongation of the rope section exceeds a predetermined maximum value (%), with the maximum value of the local elongation of the rope section being greater than the maximum value of the elongation of the rope over the entire length.