A method is provided for determining the solubility parameters for a process stream via the joint use of turbidimetric detection of asphaltenes flocculation, which is used to determine and detect the onset flocculation of asphaltenes of the process stream, and a refractive index to determine the process stream solubility parameters such as the solubility blending number and insolubility number.

A method is provided for determining the solubility parameters for a process stream via the joint use of turbidimetric detection of asphaltenes flocculation, which is used to determine and detect the onset flocculation of asphaltenes of the process stream, and a refractive index to determine the process stream solubility parameters such as the solubility blending number and insolubility number.

A method is provided for determining the solubility parameters for a process stream via the joint use of turbidimetric detection of asphaltenes flocculation, which is used to determine and detect the onset flocculation of asphaltenes of the process stream, and a refractive index to determine the process stream solubility parameters such as the solubility blending number and insolubility number.

A method for evaluating a base material includes deforming a base material. The base material includes a bent portion, and includes a first main surface, a second main surface, and an end surface to change a curvature of the bent portion. The method further includes evaluating a surface state of the first main surface of the base material.

A method for evaluating a base material includes deforming a base material. The base material includes a bent portion, and includes a first main surface, a second main surface, and an end surface to change a curvature of the bent portion. The method further includes evaluating a surface state of the first main surface of the base material.

A method includes: sensing a defect on a cast strip surface, the cast strip being cast from molten metal or alloy by a casting system, determining an adjustment amount and/or direction of a casting system component based on the identified surface defect, and providing the adjustment amount and/or direction to an operator for adjustment of the casting system component and/or commanding that the casting system component be adjusted by the adjustment amount and/or direction.

The invention refers to an in vitro method and apparatus for analysing the behaviour of substances in simulated physiological environment. The method comprises the steps of providing a first fluid, a gel matrix and a second fluid, separating the first fluid and the gel matrix by at least one first semi-permeable membrane and separating the gel matrix and the second fluid by at least one second semi-permeable membrane. The method further comprises the steps of injecting a substance into the first fluid, letting the substance migrate from the first fluid through the at least one first semi-permeable membrane, through the gel matrix, through the at least one second semi-permeable membrane and into the second fluid, and determining clearance of the substance from the first fluid.

The invention refers to an in vitro method and apparatus for analysing the behaviour of substances in simulated physiological environment. The method comprises the steps of providing a first fluid, a gel matrix and a second fluid, separating the first fluid and the gel matrix by at least one first semi-permeable membrane and separating the gel matrix and the second fluid by at least one second semi-permeable membrane. The method further comprises the steps of injecting a substance into the first fluid, letting the substance migrate from the first fluid through the at least one first semi-permeable membrane, through the gel matrix, through the at least one second semi-permeable membrane and into the second fluid, and determining clearance of the substance from the first fluid.

Process for evaluating the catalytic performance of a porous solid using a vapor diffusion technique, where a probe molecule and a molecule for dead-time determination is injected into a carrier gas that is then contacted with the porous solid in a vessel, where a detector analyzes the peak width and retention time of a probe molecule and the retention time of the molecule for dead-time determination in the gas exiting the vessel.

Process for evaluating the catalytic performance of a porous solid using a vapor diffusion technique, where a probe molecule and a molecule for dead-time determination is injected into a carrier gas that is then contacted with the porous solid in a vessel, where a detector analyzes the peak width and retention time of a probe molecule and the retention time of the molecule for dead-time determination in the gas exiting the vessel.