A system for detecting bubbles within a liquid flowing in an interior of a pipe. The system includes a system for detecting bubbles within a liquid flowing in an interior of a pipe. The system includes a pressure sensor affixed to the interior of the pipe and a microcontroller communicating with the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor gathers pressure readings of the liquid flowing in the pipe at the location of the pressure sensor and sends the gathered pressure readings to the microprocessor. A pressure differential range over a specific period of time is selected which when exceeded, indicates the presence of bubbles in the liquid flowing in the pipe. The pressure differential range is utilized by the microcontroller to determine the presence of bubbles in the fluid flowing through the pipe. The microcontroller determines a presence of bubbles in the liquid based on an exceedance of the pressure differential range from pressure readings gathered by the pressure sensor over the selected period of time.

A particle detector formed by a body defining a chamber and housing a light source and a photodetector. A reflecting surface is formed by a first reflecting region and a second reflecting region that have a respective curved shape. The curved shapes are chosen from among portions of ellipsoidal, paraboloidal, and spherical surfaces. The first reflecting region faces the light source and the second reflecting region faces the photodetector. The first reflecting region has an own first focus, and the second reflecting region has an own first focus. The first focus of the first reflecting region is arranged in an active volume of the body, designed for detecting particles, and the photodetector is arranged on the first focus of the second reflecting region.

The disclosure provides devices, device systems, and methods for analyzing cells (e.g., blood cells) or particles in a sample. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides various devices and device systems including: a light source; a collecting lens; and one, two, or more detectors. In other embodiments, the devices and device systems include a flow cell or a cartridge device with a flow cell. In further embodiments, the disclosure provides various methods including the steps of: using a light source to emit an irradiation light; using the irradiation light to illuminate a sample flow; using a collecting lens to collect both scattered light and fluorescent light from the sample flow; and using one, two, or more detectors to detect the collected scattered light and fluorescent light. Optionally, these methods include using a flow cell to form a sample flow.

Provided is a portable biosensor that includes a sample filter cartridge, a filter collector, an optical sphere, an electromagnetic radiation emitter, a photo-detector, a processor, a signal display, a vacuum pump, and a power supply. The sample filter cartridge selectively removes small molecules to minimize spectral interference in the detection signal. The sample is concentrated onto the filter collector and subjected to illumination by the electromagnetic radiation emitter, producing Raman-scattering. The optical sphere collects and distributes the Raman-scattering shifts, which then pass through a spectral filter to produce spectral filtered scattering, which is then reflected by the concave holographic flat-field grating onto the photo-detector. The data is displayed graphically to provide the Raman-scattering shift data. The data is compared with a database for sample identification. The device is contained within a housing that is small enough to be easily transported for field use.

A method for determining a characteristic of particles in a fluid sample and/or a contamination characteristic of the fluid sample includes: (a) depositing a metallic film on a surface of a substrate; (b) bringing the fluid sample into contact with the metallic surface; (c) removing the fluid sample from the metallic surface; (d) depositing a layer of metal on the metallic surface and the particles which remained on the metallic surface; (e) illuminating the layers of metal on the particles and metallic surface with electromagnetic rays; or illuminating the layers of metal with electromagnetic rays; (f) receiving the scattered electromagnetic rays at an array of photodiodes; or receiving the reflected electromagnetic rays at an array of photodiodes; (g) forming an image which includes pixels; and (h) processing the formed image to determine a characteristic of the particles and/or a contamination characteristic of the fluid sample.

A particle sensor for detecting particles in a flow of a measuring gas for detecting soot particles in an exhaust gas channel of a burner or of an internal combustion engine. The particle sensor includes a device for generating or for supplying laser light, a device for focusing laser light, and a device for detecting or transferring thermal radiation. The particle sensor includes at least one optical access, which separates an area exposed to the measuring gas from an area facing away from the measuring gas not exposed to the measuring gas, the device for generating or supplying laser light and/or the device for detecting or for transferring thermal radiation being situated in the area facing away from the measuring gas, wherein the particle sensor removes a sub-flow from the measuring gas flow and supplies it to the laser focus and further fluidically shields the optical access from the sub-flow.

An apparatus for particle characterisation, comprising: a sample cell for holding a sample; a light source configured to illuminate the sample with an illuminating beam and a plurality of light detectors, each light detector configured to receive scattered light resulting from the interaction between the illuminating beam and the sample along a respective detector path, wherein each respective detector path is at substantially the same angle to the illuminating beam.

The present invention reduces the effects from variations in the outside air pressure on particle number counting, and is provided with an exhaust gas processing unit that performs predetermined processing on exhaust gas, a particle number counting unit that counts a number of particles contained in exhaust gas that has passed through the exhaust gas processing unit, a fluid resistance element that is provided downstream from the particle number counting unit, a suction pump that is provided downstream from the fluid resistance element, a gas supply path that is connected to a flow path between the fluid resistance element and the suction pump, and supplies gas to a downstream side of the fluid resistance element, and a flow rate adjustment unit that is provided on the gas supply path, and adjusts a flow rate of the gas that is supplied to the downstream side of the fluid resistance element.

A cell capture system including an array, an inlet manifold, and an outlet manifold. The array includes a plurality of parallel pores, each pore including a chamber and a pore channel, an inlet channel fluidly connected to the chambers of the pores; an outlet channel fluidly connected to the pore channels of the pores. The inlet manifold is fluidly connected to the inlet channel, and the outlet channel is fluidly connected to the outlet channel. A cell removal tool is also disclosed, wherein the cell removal tool is configured to remove a captured cell from a pore chamber.

A method of pretreating a sample including biological particles, the method including a step of acquiring a fraction (1b) which passes through a sieve (A) having meshes of 250 to 1000 μm and does not pass through a sieve (B) having meshes of 32 to 63 μm by sieving a sample including biological particles as a detection target, and a step of adding a colloidal solution having a density of 1.10 to 2.45 g/cm.sup.3 to the fraction (1b), subjecting the resultant solution to centrifugation, and acquiring a supernatant fraction (S0) after the centrifugation.