An ultrasonic pulse transmitter is provided that is configured to transmit an ultrasonic pulse through a target liquid medium. A receiver is also provided. Per one embodiment, a reflector is coupled to an automated positioner that moves the reflector to select different positions at select distances from an ultrasonic transceiver. A holder is provided that is configured to maintain the pulse transmitter at a controlled position in relation to the target liquid medium, and that is configured to be carried. In one embodiment of a method, ultrasonic pulses are transmitted through a target liquid medium. The transmitted ultrasonic pulses are then received. A vessel is provided to hold the liquid medium without the use of a seal on the vessel.

A system includes a method and apparatus suitable for measuring planar drop sizes in a liquid spray. Measurement may involve illuminating the spray with multiple lasers and measuring the scattered intensities at several view angles using linear arrays. The system may use inverse calculation of the measured scattered intensity to estimate the local drop sizes across the entire plane in a spray. The system includes radiation detectors containing sensing elements, a lens systems, and analog to digital conversion board to convert scattered intensities to drop sizes. In addition, the system may include choppers including at least two unique filters. The filters may be selectively placed in a path between the spray and the sensing elements. By selectively placing a single array may measure both a scattered intensity and an extinction of laser light emitted from the spray.

Microfluidic structures and methods for manipulating fluids, fluid components, and reactions are provided. In one aspect, such structures and methods can allow production of droplets of a precise volume, which can be stored/maintained at precise regions of the device. In another aspect, microfluidic structures and methods described herein are designed for containing and positioning components in an arrangement such that the components can be manipulated and then tracked even after manipulation. For example, cells may be constrained in an arrangement in microfluidic structures described herein to facilitate tracking during their growth and/or after they multiply.

Field flow fractionation device includes a channel switching unit for switching the connection of a second carrier fluid supply unit to any one of the second inlet port of an upper separation cell, the first inlet port of a lower separation cell, or the second inlet port of a lower separation cell. Furthermore, the second carrier fluid supply unit is connected to the second inlet port of an upper separation cell during the process of focusing to generate flow of carrier fluid counter to the flow of carrier fluid from the first inlet port within the upper separation cell, whereas the second carrier fluid supply unit is connected to the first inlet port or the second inlet port of a lower separation cell after conclusion of focusing in the upper separation cell.

This invention relates to a method of evaluating a squeegeeing property of powder for lamination shaping by stable criteria. In this method, the squeegeeing property is evaluated using at least a satellite adhesion ratio of the powder and an apparent density of the powder. The satellite adhesion ratio is the ratio of the number of particles on which satellites are adhered to the number of all particles. If the satellite adhesion ratio is equal to or less than 50%, and the apparent density is equal to or more than 3.5 g/cm.sup.3, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. Furthermore, if the 50% particle size of a powder obtained by a laser diffraction method is 3 to 250 μm, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping.

The present disclosure relates to a dissociation reagent for tumor tissues. The dissociation reagent does not contain collagenase or trypsin but further contains hyaluronidase or a mixture of hyaluronidase and DNase I. The present disclosure also relates to use of the dissociation reagent in dispersing tumor tissues and detecting expression level of molecular markers on cell surface by flow cytometry. The dissociation reagent of the present disclosure does not cause degradation of molecular markers on cell surface such as CD8, PD-1, Tim-3, Lag-3 and the like, thus does not affect downstream assays.

Techniques for detecting an object in an environment and determining a probability that the object is a cloud of particulate matter. The cloud of particulate matter may include steam (e.g., emitted from a man-hole cover, a dryer exhaust port, etc.), exhaust from a vehicle (e.g., car, truck, motorcycle, etc.), environmental gases (e.g., resulting from sublimation, fog, evaporation, etc.), a cloud of dust, water splashing, blowing leaves, or other types of particulate matter that may be located in the environment of the vehicle and may not impact driving behavior (e.g., an autonomous vehicle may safely pass through the particulate matter without impact to the platform). A vehicle computing system may determine the probability that the object is a cloud of particulate matter and may control the vehicle based on the probability.

Techniques for detecting an object in an environment and determining a probability that the object is a cloud of particulate matter. The cloud of particulate matter may include steam (e.g., emitted from a man-hole cover, a dryer exhaust port, etc.), exhaust from a vehicle (e.g., car, truck, motorcycle, etc.), environmental gases (e.g., resulting from sublimation, fog, evaporation, etc.), a cloud of dust, water splashing, blowing leaves, or other types of particulate matter that may be located in the environment of the vehicle and may not impact driving behavior (e.g., an autonomous vehicle may safely pass through the particulate matter without impact to the platform). A vehicle computing system may determine the probability that the object is a cloud of particulate matter and may control the vehicle based on the probability.

An emissions measurement system capable of providing an accurate, real-time measurement of an emissions sample is disclosed. The exhaust may be generated by an internal combustion engine, in which case the system may be sequentially connected to the exhaust from the internal combustion engine. The emissions measurement system can include a laser light opacity sensor, a light scattering sensor, and a particle ionization sensor.

An emissions measurement system capable of providing an accurate, real-time measurement of an emissions sample is disclosed. The exhaust may be generated by an internal combustion engine, in which case the system may be sequentially connected to the exhaust from the internal combustion engine. The emissions measurement system can include a laser light opacity sensor, a light scattering sensor, and a particle ionization sensor.