A method for determining the corrosion risk caused by biofilm formation for installations in natural bodies of water includes a) providing a device for measuring electrode potentials, comprising at least one metal sample and at least one reference electrode at a location close to the installation within the natural body of water b) continuously or intermittently measuring potential differences between said at least one metal sample and said at least one reference electrode over a sufficiently long period of time to allow for identifying any changes of potential of the sample resulting from ennoblement caused by biofilm formation, c) comparing the measured potential difference to one or more reference values for the respective metal of the metal sample, and d) estimating if and when the potential difference resulting from biofilm formation attains or may attain a critical value which would result in the corrosion of the respective metal at the respective location of the natural body of water.

The present invention relates to a system for detecting deposits or chemical inhibitor close to or on the surface of electrodes or pins facing a fluid flow where any combination of the components oil, water, gas and a chemical inhibitor fluid could be present, and where the electrodes or pins are coupled to measuring means for monitoring the electrical characteristics of the flow, the electrical characteristics including the complex impedance or complex permittivity. The system comprises detecting means transmitting a signal indicating presence of deposit or chemical inhibitor if the real part of the complex impedance, in case of hydrocarbon continuous flow, or the imaginary part of the complex impedance, in case of water continuous flow deviates from predetermined limits related to the electrical characteristics of the said flow.

A cumulative distribution function of fracture time is calculated from large quantities of hydrogen embrittlement fracture test data measured under test conditions that assume reinforcing bars in prestressed concrete, transition probability is calculated from the cumulative distribution function of fracture time with a hydrogen embrittlement fracture being regarded as a stochastic process through which a degraded state progressively reaches a fractured state, and the time integral of the transition probability is found as the degree of progress of hydrogen embrittlement.

A quality evaluation method includes an acquisition step of acquiring spectral data related to transmitted light or diffusely reflected light from a cell mass by irradiating the cell mass with measurement light including near-infrared light, and an evaluation step of evaluating quality of the cell mass, based on the spectral data of the cell mass acquired in the acquisition step.

A sensing instrument includes a first electrode, a second electrode that surrounds the first electrode, and a sensing module configured to sense a capacitance of a material by applying a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode while the first electrode and the second electrode are adjacent to the material. A method of operating a sensing instrument includes applying a voltage between a first electrode and a second electrode while the first electrode and the second electrode are positioned adjacent to a material. The second electrode surrounds the first electrode. The method further includes sensing a capacitance of the material based on a response of the material to the voltage.

A test device and method for top-of-the-line corrosion (TLC) of a high-temperature high-pressure wet gas pipeline. The device mainly includes: a metal top cap, a metal reaction cylinder, a first thermometer, a second thermometer, a plastic transparent measuring cylinder, a condensed water collection tube, an atomic spectrometer, a third thermometer, a rubber seal cover, a condensate droplet, a threaded hole, a condensation chamber, a pipeline sample, a temperature measuring hole, and a 30-degree tilt angle. The device and method can effectively simulate TLC of a wet gas pipeline under a high-temperature high-pressure environment. The device and method can test the high-temperature high-pressure TLC of the wet gas pipeline under different temperature differences (between a surface temperature of the pipeline and a gas temperature) and various corrosion media.

A sulfurization detection sensor 10 comprises: a rectangular parallelepiped insulation substrate 1, a pair of front electrodes 2 provided at both ends of a front surface in the longitudinal direction of the insulation substrate 1, respectively, a sulfurization detection conductor 3 connected between the front electrodes 2, a pair of protective films 4 for covering a part of the sulfurization detection conductor 3 and that of the front electrodes 2, respectively, a pair of back electrodes 5 provided at both ends of a back surface in the longitudinal direction of the insulation substrate 1, respectively, a pair of end face electrodes 6 provided at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the insulation substrate 1, respectively, and external electrodes 7 provided on front surfaces of the end face electrodes 6, respectively. Specific regions 3b in which a current hardly flows are formed at both ends in the Y-direction of a sulfurization detection portion 3A.

An apparatus for artificial weathering or lightfastness testing of samples or for simulating solar radiation, the apparatus comprising a weathering chamber, a UV light source provided in the weathering chamber, and a fluorescent material arranged to be radiated by a UV radiation emitted by the UV light source, the fluorescent material being configured to emit a fluorescent radiation comprising spectral emission characteristics similar to natural solar radiation.

An evaporator for a climate chamber, in particular for a constant climate chamber with temperature- and humidity control, comprising a first inlet, a second inlet and an outlet for a refrigerant, wherein the first inlet, the second inlet, and the outlet are connected with one another by a duct, and wherein the second inlet is disposed between the first inlet and the outlet, and a climate chamber with an evaporator.

Provided is a measurement method for measuring a size of a damaged portion in a coated metal material that includes a metal base and surface treatment film provided on the metal base, and reaching the metal base through the surface treatment film. The measurement method includes the steps of disposing a water-containing material to be in contact with the damaged portion and an electrode to be in contact with the water-containing material, and electrically connecting between the electrode and the metal base with an external circuit; applying, with the external circuit, a constant voltage between the electrode and the metal base, as a cathode and an anode, respectively, and measuring a current value flowing therebetween; and calculating a size of the damaged portion, based on the current value measured and a correlation between the current value and the size of the damaged portion, determined on an exploratory basis in advance.