A method of monitoring a condition prevailing inside a piping system with respect to an impairment due to accretion, abrasion or corrosion caused by fluid(s) flowing through the piping system is disclosed, comprising the steps of: installing at least two measurement devices susceptible to an impairment and configured to measure variables indicative of the impairment; wherein the measured variables include at least two variables exhibiting a different dependency on the impairment; continuously recording data including time series of measured values of the variables measured; based on training data included in the data determining a dynamic reference behavior of the variables corresponding to time dependent distributions of values of the variables to be expected of the measured values when the measurement devices are unimpaired; repeatedly determining a deviation between a monitored behavior of the measured values of the variables and the reference behavior.

The method for a corrosion resistance test of a coated metal material is an electrochemical method simulating corrosion proceeded by damaged portions in the surface treatment film 4. Two artificially damaged portions 5 spaced from each other in a coated metal material 1 that is obtained by providing a surface treatment film 4 on a metal base 2 are electrically connected to each other by an external circuit 11 via an aqueous electrolyte material 6, and corrosion proceeds by supplying current using one of the artificially damaged portions 5 as an anode site and the other as a cathode site.

The method for a corrosion resistance test of a coated metal material is an electrochemical method simulating corrosion proceeded by damaged portions in the surface treatment film 4. Two artificially damaged portions 5 spaced from each other in a coated metal material 1 that is obtained by providing a surface treatment film 4 on a metal base 2 are electrically connected to each other by an external circuit 11 via an aqueous electrolyte material 6, and corrosion proceeds by supplying current using one of the artificially damaged portions 5 as an anode site and the other as a cathode site.

Footwear scanning systems and associated methods are described. According to one aspect, a footwear scanning system includes a base, a shuttle configured to rotate beneath the base, wherein the shuttle comprises an antenna array configured to transmit electromagnetic waves through the base into footwear above the base during the rotation of the shuttle and to receive electromagnetic waves reflected from the footwear during the rotation of the shuttle, a transceiver coupled with the antenna array and configured to apply electrical signals to the antenna array to generate the transmitted electromagnetic waves and to receive electrical signals from the antenna array corresponding to the received electromagnetic waves, and processing circuitry configured to process an output of the transceiver corresponding to the received electromagnetic waves to provide information regarding contents within the footwear.

A contamination sensor for a gas turbine engine is disclosed herein. The contamination sensor is made of a selected composition of material and includes a base alloy, an alloy for improving oxide formation, and at least one element from the transition metal group. The composition of the contamination sensor can be adjusted to react with specific contaminants at specific temperature ranges.

Disclosed is a method of predicting a lifespan of a material by using a material parameter and by using Equation described below.

[00001]$y=\gamma \times \exp \left[-{\left(\frac{x}{\theta }\right)}^{\beta }\right]$

in which y is the physical property retention rate, x is the aging time, θ is a scale parameter, β is a shape parameter, and γ is the material parameter.

A method for utilizing a lubricating oil composition in which the content of a metal-based cleaning agent (X) having a base value of 100 mgKOH/g or less is 630 mass ppm or less in terms of metal atoms, and the content of sulfated ash is 1.5 mass % or less. The method includes measuring at least one physical property value among the capacitance and the dielectric constant of the lubricating oil composition while using the lubricating oil composition, and evaluating the progress of degradation of the lubricating oil composition.

A piston pressure device includes a gas concentration-regulating piston pressure device and a high temperature autoclave. In the gas concentration-regulating piston pressure device, the proportion and concentration of corrosive gases can be accurately adjusted, intermediate gases can be stored and filled into the high temperature autoclave according to experimental needs, and an actual corrosion process in oilfield is accurately simulated. Meanwhile, the corrosive gases can be supplemented in real time during the experiment, and dynamic gas distribution in a high-temperature high-pressure corrosion experiment process is realized. The present invention has the advantages as follows: the piston pressure device is resistant to high temperature and high pressure, corrosion-resistant, simple in structure and convenient to operate; the concentration and proportion of the corrosive gases are accurately controlled to be invariable in the high-temperature high-corrosion experiment process; and reliability of high-temperature high-pressure corrosive experimental results is increased.

A method of analyzing a substrate contacting a fluid present in an industrial system is provided. The method comprises creating a series of digital images of the substrate while contacting the fluid present in the industrial system. A region of interest in the series of digital images of the substrate is defined. A corrosion feature in the region of interest in the series of digital images of the substrate is identified. The corrosion feature in the region of interest in the series of digital images of the substrate is analyzed to determine a corrosion trend of the industrial system. In certain embodiments of the method, the fluid is industrial water, and the industrial system is an industrial water system.

An apparatus for testing corrosion can comprise a frame and a rack having a generally planar face, a first edge, and a second edge. The rack can be pivotably coupled to the frame. The apparatus can be configured for selectively orienting the rack to position the first edge of the rack with a select vertical offset with respect to the second edge of the rack.