A microelectromechanical gas sensor including a fixed part, at least one suspended part in relation to fixed part, at least one sensitive zone carried on the suspended part, the sensitive zone being able to adsorb/absorb and desorb gaseous species or families of gaseous species, a heater for heating at least the sensitive zone, a detector for detecting the adsorption/absorption and desorption of gaseous species or families of gaseous species on the sensitive zone, a controller of controlling the heater so that the heating is applied to at least the sensitive zone with one or more temperature profiles ensuring the adsorption/absorption and desorption of the gaseous species in a controlled manner so as to obtain an individual desorption of each species or families of gaseous species.

Systems and methods for inline and automatic dilution of chemicals of interest for speciation and subsequent analysis by ICP spectrometry are described. A system embodiment includes a first valve to receive a sample into a holding loop; a plurality of syringe pumps coupled to the first valve to deliver an inline diluted sample from the first valve; and a second valve coupled to the first valve to receive the inline diluted sample from the first valve into a sample holding loop coupled to the second valve, the second valve configured to couple to at least one of an eluent source or a carrier fluid source to receive at least one of an eluent fluid or a carrier fluid to transfer the inline diluted sample from the sample holding loop to a speciation column to separate one or more species from the inline diluted sample.

Systems and methods for inline and automatic dilution of chemicals of interest for speciation and subsequent analysis by ICP spectrometry are described. A system embodiment includes a first valve to receive a sample into a holding loop; a plurality of syringe pumps coupled to the first valve to deliver an inline diluted sample from the first valve; and a second valve coupled to the first valve to receive the inline diluted sample from the first valve into a sample holding loop coupled to the second valve, the second valve configured to couple to at least one of an eluent source or a carrier fluid source to receive at least one of an eluent fluid or a carrier fluid to transfer the inline diluted sample from the sample holding loop to a speciation column to separate one or more species from the inline diluted sample.

A mass spectrometry data processor (2) having a database (21) for storing respective pieces of mass spectrum data of various compounds together with names and mass spectrometry conditions of the compounds includes a mass spectrum data receiver (22) configured to receive input of mass spectrum data associated with a compound name and a mass spectrometry condition, a determination unit (25) configured to determine whether the mass spectrum data includes a mass peak satisfying a predetermined criterion, and a database registration unit (31) that registers, on the database, mass spectrum data determined to include the mass peak satisfying the predetermined criterion or mass spectrum data based on the mass spectrum data determined to include the mass peak satisfying the predetermined criterion together with a compound name and a mass spectrometry condition.

The invention provides ubiquitin variants that specifically bind to HECT E3 ligases, and methods of using these variants to modulate the activity of HECT E3 ligases.

A heating apparatus for a gas chromatography column is described. The GC column heating apparatus includes a conical heater assembly comprising a heating element between an inner layer and an outer layer. The apparatus can also include optionally an outer cowl and/or an inner cowl surrounding the conical heater assembly. The conical heater assembly rapidly increases the temperature of the column by conductive heating. The selection of shape (in particular, the cone angle of a conical heater) and materials allows the GC column to adapt to expansion that occurs upon heating. A gas chromatography (GC) column heating and cooling apparatus is also described, in which the heater and outer cowl define a flowpath through which a cooling fluid can pass and cool the GC column.

Certain configurations of a gas chromatography system comprising an internal gas generator are described. In some instances, the gas chromatography system may comprise an internal hydrogen generator to provide hydrogen gas to a chromatography column for separation of analyte species. In certain examples, the gas chromatography system can be operated without any external gas inputs.

A method for analyzing and quantifying a panel of drugs in a clinical sample comprises: trapping a first portion of drug parent compounds and their metabolites on a first chromatographic column; trapping a second portion of the drug parent compounds and their metabolites on a second chromatographic column; separately eluting the first and second portions of the drug parent compounds and their metabolites from the first and second chromatographic columns; detecting concentrations of each of the drug parent compounds and metabolites eluted from each of the first and second chromatographic columns with a detector; and summing the detected concentration of each drug parent compound together with the detected concentrations of all of its respective analytes so as to derive a respective total concentration of each drug in the sample.

The invention relates to a system (700) for treating molecules or particles of interest carried by a viscoelastic liquid, which comprises: a means (715) for establishing a laminar flow, during at least one portion, referred to as concentration phase, of the operating time of the system, of the viscoelastic liquid in a concentration, stacking and/or purification device (705), said device comprising a concentration area having, in the direction of said flow, an intake cross-section surface that is larger than the cross-section surface of each outlet channel, and a means (725) for applying an electric field between the intake and the outlet of the concentration area during the concentration phase, the action of the electric field on the molecules or particles of interest being, in the concentration area, opposite to the direction of said flow and causing the molecules or particles of interest to be retained at least in the concentration area;
which also comprises a modulation means (730) configured to control the means for applying the electric field in order to apply, after the concentration phase, an electric field with intensity other than zero and lower than the intensity of the electric field applied during the concentration phase.

Provided is a field-flow-fractionation apparatus that is configured to supply a carrier fluid to a waste fluid chamber through a fluid supply flow path at a flow rate higher than a set flow rate of a flow rate adjusting part at a timing between an end of analysis of a sample and a start of analysis of a subsequent sample, thereby forming a flow of the carrier fluid from the waste fluid chamber to the separation channel. Accordingly, the sample adhering to a separation membrane is separated from the separation membrane and is discharged from the outlet port.