Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) may include applying a periodic excitation signal via an electrode of a CGM sensor to human interstitial fluid to drive an oxidation/reduction reaction, and measuring the current through the electrode. In some embodiments, the measured current is sampled and digitized, and various harmonics of the excitation signal's fundamental frequency are extracted. A set of relationships of at least two harmonics each is generated from the spectral amplitudes of a set of pairs, triplets, etc., of the harmonics, and the set of relationships is mapped to a glucose concentration such as based on the contents of a harmonic relationship database having a pre-existing set of harmonic relationships and glucose concentrations to which those sets of harmonic relationships correspond, for example. Numerous other embodiments are provided.

A non-detonable source of at least one of an explosive or explosive vapor is disclosed, as well as a method of preparing the explosive or explosive vapor that includes the step of mixing the explosive with at least 50% inert material which retains the explosive vapor until heat is applied.

A method for measuring an amount of dissolved oxygen contained in a liquid sample, including the steps of: (1) adding a deoxygenating amino compound to a liquid sample to prepare the liquid sample having a predetermined concentration of the deoxygenating amino compound; (2) after Step (1), heating the liquid sample containing the deoxygenating amino compound at a temperature of 80° C. or more; (3) after Step (2), measuring the concentration of the deoxygenating amino compound contained in the liquid sample; and (4) calculating the amount of the dissolved oxygen contained in the liquid sample in Step (1) from the amount of the reacted deoxygenating amino compound by comparing the concentration of the deoxygenating amino compound measured in Step (3) and the concentration of the deoxygenating amino compound measured in Step (1).

In vitro methods such as in vitro diagnosis, prognosis and risk stratification of a patient having a primary disease, whereby the level of Procalcitonin (PCT) or fragment thereof in a sample of a bodily fluid of the patient is indicative for the risk of the patient to contract a further disease or medical condition. Assays for performing such methods and samples containing complex resulting from such methods.

Compositions and methods relating to a panel of antigen biomarkers for the early detection of ovarian cancer. The compositions and methods encompass antigen biomarkers coupled to a substrate, with the biomarkers being selected from the group consisting of one or more of ICAM3, CTAG2, p53, STYXL1, PVR, POMC, NUDT11, TRIM39, UHMK1, KSR1, and NXF3.

The present invention relates to a method for precisely determining protein content in edible fungus, belonging to the technical field of food detection. The method is as follows: determining total nitrogen content in an edible fungus sample by using a Kjeldahl method; additionally taking an equal amount of sample, and washing same with acid and alkali solutions to obtain chitin residues; then determining nitrogen content in the chitin residues by using the Kjeldahl method; subtracting the nitrogen content in the chitin residues from the total nitrogen content in the sample, so as to eliminate the interference of the nitrogen content in chitin; and finally obtaining precise protein content by calculation based on a formula. The present invention provides a method for precisely determining protein content in edible fungus, and provides a method for the precise assessment of the nutrient composition and value of protein in the edible fungus.

A soil mapping system for collecting and mapping soil reflectance data in a field includes an implement having a furrow opener for creating a furrow and an optical module. The optical module is arranged to collect soil reflectance data at a predetermined depth within the furrow as the implement traverses a field. The optical module includes two monochromatic light sources, a window arranged to press against the soil, and a photodiode for receiving light reflected back from the soil through the window. The two light sources have different wavelengths and are modulated at different frequencies. The photodiode provides a modulated voltage output signal that contains reflectance data from both of the light sources. Additional measurement devices are carried by the implement for collecting additional soil property data, such as electrical conductivity, pH, and elevation, which can be used together with the optical data to determine variations in soil organic matter.

A method of determining risk of diabetes is provided. In one embodiment, the method comprises: a) measuring the levels of a plurality of biomarkers in a blood samples obtained from a patient, wherein the plurality of biomarkers comprises at least five of the following biomarkers: glucose, adiponectin, CRP, IL2RA, ferritin, insulin and HbAIc; b) calculating a diabetes risk score for the patients using the levels and, optionally, patient age and/or gender. Results obtained from performing the assay on a reference population are similar or identical to those obtained using Formula I.

Based on three-dimensional data of time, wavelength and intensity acquired with a three-dimensional chromatograph, whether or not the peak-top intensity of the peak of a target component exceeds a predetermined upper limit is determined. If the intensity exceeds the limit, two wavelengths λ1 and λ2 are set in a spectrum passing through the peak top, where λ1 is the peak-top wavelength while λ2 is a wavelength which belongs to the peak and at which the intensity is within a predetermined range. For each point in time belonging to the target peak, the ratio between the intensity at λ1 and the intensity at λ2 in the spectrum at that point in time is calculated, and one of the calculated intensity ratios is selected as a correction value. Based on this correction value and a quantitative value calculated from a chromatogram at λ2, the quantitative value of the target component is determined.

Apparatus for extracting organic analytes from a sample comprising a first compressed gas source connected to valving and a sample extraction cell connected to the valving. A pressure regulator is connected to the extraction cell outlet to the pressure regulator. The pressure regulator blocks fluid flow when the pressure at the pressure regulator inlet is below a predetermined pressure and permits fluid flow when above said predetermined pressure. The apparatus is free of operative association with a mechanical pump or with a compressed gas source other than the compressed gas source. An extraction method for using the above apparatus is described.