Methods are described for preparing samples including biological, environmental, and food products for microbial analysis. Microbes and microbe components in the sample can be treated with antimicrobial compounds and a matrix solution to permit fast and accurate characterization using analysis techniques such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).

A mass spectrometry method includes detecting, in a first mass spectrometry of a sample containing a glycan having a plurality of sialic acids each modified differently, a plurality of oxonium ions derived from each of the plurality of sialic acids, and calculating relative values of intensities of the plurality of oxonium ions based on data obtained by the detection.

Cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP), including 2′3-cGAMP, 2′2-cGAMP, 3′2′-cGAMP and 3′3′-GAMP, are used in pharmaceutical formulations (including vaccine adjuvants), drug screens, therapies, and diagnostics.

There are provided methods and systems for detecting and/or quantifying an analyte. In particular, there are provided methods and systems for simultaneous detection and/or quantitation of two or more analytes in a sample. In some embodiments, there are provided colocalization-by-linkage assays on microparticles (CLAMP) comprising two sets of binders pre-assembled on a support, such that the two sets of binders are colocalized before contacting the sample.

The invention relates to methods for the diagnosis of ischemia or ischemic tissue damage, methods for predicting the progression of ischemia in a patient having suffered an ischemic event, for determining the prognosis of a patient having suffered an ischemic event and for determining the risk that a patient suffering from stable coronary disease suffers a recurrent ischemic event based on the detection of the levels of glycosylated Apo J. The invention relates as well to a method for the determination of glycosylated Apo J in a sample.

The present provides a Positional Isotopomer NMR Tracer Analysis (PINTA) method that can be used to noninvasively assess rates of hepatic mitochondrial oxidation (V.sub.CS) and/or pyruvate carboxylase (V.sub.PC) flux in a subject. In certain embodiments, the methods utilize a combined NMR/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of plasma following infusion of [3-.sup.13C]lactate and glucose tracer. The method of the invention provides investigators with a tool to non-invasively examine the role of altered hepatic mitochondrial metabolism and study the effects of therapeutic interventions for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

There are provided methods and systems for detecting and/or quantifying an analyte. In particular, there are provided methods and systems for simultaneous detection and/or quantitation of two or more analytes in a sample. Colocalization-by-linkage assays on microparticles (CLAMP) can be engineered and used to effectively multiplex the detection of analytes within a sample. Features and methods of CLAMP systems can provide robust and scalable analysis of analytes in a sample.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for labeling cells using click chemistry reagents. The compositions and methods disclosed herein provide a specific and efficient means of localizing desired agents to a variety of cell types in vivo and in vitro. The compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used to deliver a variety of desired agents to a cell or population of cells to direct cell fate and/or cell differentiation.

Predicting recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation. The disclosure indeed discloses a set of biomarkers present in a serum sample taken from a HCC patient before liver transplantation, which can be used to assess recurrence of HCC after liver transplantation. More specifically, the disclosure discloses a process to predict the recurrence of HCC after liver transplantation via determining the amount of at least four specific N-glycans in a serum sample.

Combination therapies and methods implementing the administration of a selective inhibitor of soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha (solTNF-α), preferably a dominant negative TNF-α protein, in combination with an anti-cancer therapeutic agent for treating WUC4+ cancer in human or animal subjects.