The present invention relates to a combination comprising an aminothiolester compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in particular the S-methyl 4-(dimethylamino)-4-methylpent-2-ynethioate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and more particularly the 4-(Dimethylamino)-4-methyl-2-pentynethioic acid S-methyl ester fumarate, and a compound able to increase H.sub.2O.sub.2 level in cancer cells of a subject, in particular for use for the treatment of cancer in a subject, wherein cancer cells of said subject do not overproduce H.sub.2O.sub.2 in comparison to a control value and have a level of GSH below 5 nmol for 25000 cells.

Disclosed are a rigorous method and apparatuses for the comprehensive analysis of complex mixtures of organic molecules, specifically biopolymers, in some embodiments predominantly mixtures of proteins, which in some embodiments ultimately serve to obtain the information constituting a biomarker, or similar biological signature, or to monitor health or ageing.

In some embodiments such signatures or patterns may indicate the presence, stage, or type of a disease, the expected or actual response to drugs. In some other embodiments such a method and apparatuses may serve to monitor and/or control cell development. In some other embodiments such a method and apparatuses may serve to develop and use means to measure, influence, or control the speed or degree of aging of cells or organisms.

In some embodiments such a method and apparatuses may serve to determine at least in part the nature of biological hazards, bioterrorism threats, or biological weapons, including those based on bacteria and viruses. In some embodiments such a method and apparatuses may serve to select, develop, and or optimize countermeasures to biological hazards, bioterrorism threats, or biological weapons, including those based on bacteria and viruses.

In other embodiments such a method and apparatuses may be used to assess the expected performance level of a human or animal for a specific task or for a class or problems.

Described herein are biosensor microarrays comprising detector polypeptide monolayers substantially free of contaminants. Also provided are methods for generation of such biosensor microarrays by capture of polypeptides by arrays comprising capture moieties and associated sensors.

Systems and methods for obtaining qualitative or quantitative measurements of proteoforms of polypeptides are described. The described methods include measurements of affinity reagent binding on single-molecule polypeptide arrays to distinguish between polypeptide isoforms. The described methods may provide high resolution quantitative comparisons of proteoforms with very low copy numbers.

Compositions and methods for detecting, characterizing and identifying proteoforms including, for example, determining presence or absence of a particular post-translational modification or a post-translational modification of a particular amino acid in a proteoform, and determining the location(s) of one or more post-translational modifications in the amino acid sequence of a proteoform.

There is provided amino acid cleaving reagents with improved cleavage activity, allowing for more structural information to be obtained from polypeptides in sequencing reactions.

Antibodies against citrullinated protein antigens (ACPA) have shown their relevance for the diagnosis and possibly pathogenesis in arthritis. Described are means and methods for determining antibodies against homocitrulline-containing proteins or carbamylated proteins/peptides (anti-CarP) for the classification of individuals suffering from, or at risk of suffering from, arthritis.

The present invention is directed towards methods for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a patient and determining prognosis of NAFLD in a patient.

The present invention relates generally to the field of disorders of complement activation. More specifically, the present invention provides methods and compositions useful for diagnosing and treating atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and other disorders of the alternative pathway of complement activation. In one embodiment, a method comprises the steps of (a) incubating or contacting serum obtained from a patient suspected of having atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein (GPI-AP) deficient cell line; and (b) performing a cell viability assay on the cells from step (a). In a specific embodiment, the method further comprises the step of diagnosing the patient as having aHUS based on a statistically significant increased difference of non-viable cells from the patient serum as compared to a control.

This invention provides methods of using circulating diseased cells in the diagnosis, prognosis, or monitoring of diseases or conditions. The invention also provides methods of using circulating diseased cells to identify markers of diseases or conditions.