The present invention relates to biomarkers capable of diagnosing various brain and nervous system diseases, and a method of providing information for diagnosing brain and nervous system diseases using the same. According to the present invention, it is possible to diagnose, at an early stage, the onset of a brain and nervous system disease or the likelihood of developing the disease or diagnose the progress or prognosis of the disease or the therapeutic effect against the disease, by measuring the expression level of the biomarker protein of the present invention or a gene encoding the same in the aqueous humor of the eye.

Methods, systems, and software are provided for using organoid cultures, e.g., patient-derived tumor organoid cultures, to improve treatment predictions and outcomes.

Provided are a method of screening an inhibitor of caspase activity by lipopolysaccharide and a method of screening a therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases or sepsis using the same. Accordingly, it is possible to develop a caspase-4-specific inhibitor.

The use and screening of modulators of apoptosis is disclosed. The modulators may be, for example, modulator of NF-κB activity. The modulators may be used, for example, in the treatment of NF-κB-mediated diseases, conditions, and injuries.

The present invention provides for methods of epigenetic analysis. In some cases, the methods may include obtaining a sample comprising a nucleic acid sequence. In some cases, the nucleic acid sequence may comprise one or more epigenetic marks. The methods may include performing a sequencing. The methods may include distinguishing a hydroxymethylated base from a methylated base.

The present invention provides a method of screening a mammal for the onset or predisposition to the onset of a neuropsychiatric disorder. More particularly, the present invention provides a method of screening a mammal for the onset or predisposition to the onset of schizophrenia by screening for a decrease in the functional level of protein 14-3-3ζ. In a related aspect, the present invention also provides a means of monitoring a patient diagnosed with a neuropsychiatric disorder, such as schizophrenia, by screening for changes to functional levels of protein 14-3-3ζ. This may be useful, for example, in the context of evaluating the effectiveness of a prophylactic or therapeutic treatment regime or otherwise monitoring the impact of physiological or metabolic changes which may occur in a patient. The method of the present invention is useful in a wide range of applications including, inter alia, providing a means of identifying mammals susceptible to the onset of a neuropsychiatric condition, such as a condition characterized by one or more symptoms of schizophrenia, thereby enabling the implementation of prophylactic or early therapeutic intervention in an effort to either minimize or prevent the onset of the condition. It also provides a means of confirming diagnoses which would otherwise be based solely on an assessment of positive and negative symptoms.

The present disclosure discloses simple and efficient glycan- or carbohydrate-based processes or methods for the rapid identification of biological markers and therapeutic targets especially glycan-related targets of infectious diseases, cancers, autoimmune diseases, allergies, inflammation, toxicity, obesity and/or other disorders of humans, animals, plants and other organisms. Therefore, novel methods and products for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of such diseases obtainable based on these therapeutic targets can be developed.

The invention relates to UBE3A protein targets and their usage as target engagement biomarkers for compounds that modulate ube3a expression.

Disclosed is the novel use of TRIM24 and RIP3 as biomarkers for diagnosing osteoarthritis, in which it is first identified that TRIM24 and RIP3 can be used as biomarkers for diagnosing osteoarthritis by confirming the tendency of TRIM24 expression to decrease and RIP3 expression to increase at the onset of osteoarthritis. These two proteins are useful in confirming the change in the expression level from the onset of osteoarthritis, thus enabling early diagnosis of osteoarthritis and effectively blocking the progression of osteoarthritis at an early stage.

Provided is an application of a BAZ2B gene as a target in slowing aging. It is disclosed that the BAZ2B gene plays an important regulatory role in occurrence and development of normal aging and age-related diseases, and the down-regulation thereof can significantly slow aging and alleviate memory decay, capacity degradation and the like in the aging process. The BAZ2B can be used as the research target of aging and age-related diseases for developing drugs of inhibiting or delaying aging, and used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of aging and age-related diseases.