The invention relates to a method for determining a biomarker on single cell level by counting a first portion of a cell sample, subjecting said first portion to conditions whereby the biomarker is fragmented, adding to a known number n(k) of labelled biomarker fragments, measuring a first and a second parameter of said first portion, wherein said first parameter corresponds to the amount of said biomarker fragment and said second parameter corresponds to the amount of said labelled biomarker fragment yielding a biomarker fragment value, v(u), and a labelled biomarker fragment value v(k), respectively, and relating v(u) and v(k) with n(k) and c(1), thereby determining an average number of biomarker molecules per cell, m(u), of said first portion. Subsequently, a second portion of the cell sample is contacted with a label specific for the biomarker, a value of the label is determined for the second portion, yielding a single cell measurement value s(u) for the cells of the second portion, a mean measurement value m(s) is determined, and a number of biomarker molecules, n(u) is computed from s(u), m(s) and m(u) for each cell.

The invention concerns the identification of specific polypeptides, fragments variants thereof which can be used as markers for the efficacy of immunotherapy, particular for predicting responsiveness of a patient to immunotherapy.

Biomarkers of NASH, NAFLD, and fibrosis and methods for diagnosis (or aiding in the diagnosis) of NAFLD, NASH and/or fibrosis are described herein. Additionally, methods of distinguishing between NAFLD and NASH, methods of classifying the stage of fibrosis, methods of determining the severity of liver disease, methods of determining the severity of liver disease or fibrosis, and methods of monitoring progression/regression of NASH, NAFLD, and/or fibrosis are described herein.

Various embodiments are described herein for a system and a method for identifying a region of interest in tissue using mass spectrometry. An agent administration component can be provided to administer an exogenous agent to the tissue. A sampling unit can also be provided to acquire a sample from the tissue. The sample can then be provided to a high sensitivity analysis platform, such as a mass analyzer, to analyze the sample and determine a distribution of the exogenous agent or a by-product of the exogenous agent within the tissue based on the analysis. The analysis platform can then identify the region of interest based on the distribution of the exogenous agent or the distribution of the by-product.

A system and method for analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) adsorbed on an adsorbent membrane, by low-temperature plasma and mass spectrometry (LTP-MS). The system includes a receptacle for receiving the adsorbent membrane, a low-temperature plasma ionizer configured to emit a plasma stream in a plasma emission direction, thereby ionizing the VOCs adsorbed by the membrane and forming a VOC-laden ionized gas, and a mass spectrometer for analyzing the ionized VOCs.

Provided herein are single-substance multi-point calibration techniques for quantitative mass spectrometry using the theoretical relative abundance of isotopes in a calibrator. Also provided herein are methods of determining the concentration of an analyte using a calibrator for the analyte.

The invention relates to a kit and methods for quantitative detection of steroids in a sample. The kit comprises quantitative charge tags and an oxidizing agent.

A glycopeptide analyzer that performs a structural analysis on glycoforms of a glycoprotein, including: a spectrum creator creating an MS/MS spectrum for each elution time based on data acquired by an LC/MS analysis of a sample containing glycopeptides originating from a target glycoprotein; a peptide mass calculator selecting a glycopeptide-related spectrum from a plurality of MS/MS spectra and calculating the mass of a peptide from the selected spectrum; a similarity determiner determining a similarity between the glycopeptide-related spectrum and each of the other MS/MS spectra; an elution-time range estimator estimating an elution-time range based on a distribution of the frequency of occurrence of an MS/MS spectrum for which a high level of similarity has been determined on a time axis; and a glycan composition estimator selecting an ion peak corresponding to a mass equal to or greater than a peptide mass and estimating a glycan composition based on the peak.

Methods and formulations of reducing one or more symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a human patient with symptomatic GERD not completely responsive to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The patient is administered a therapeutically effective amount of an enteric coated gastro-retentive oral dosage form in the form of a tablet of a bile acid sequestrant dispersed in a polymeric matrix consisting essentially of poly(alkylene)oxide and one or more filler or compressing agent such that the patient experiences a clinically meaningful reduction in one or more symptoms of GERD.

In the present invention, among blood metabolites, amino acids, organic compounds and oxylipins that were statistically significantly differentiated from the control group, were selected from type 2 diabetes patients. Specifically, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, cysteine, lysine, citric acid, and uric acid, and 12-oxo ETE, 15-oxo ETE, 9-oxo ODE, and 20-carboxy leukotriene B4, which are oxylipins, were confirmed to have cutoff values of AUC>0.7. In addition, the blood metabolites showed a significant difference between a DME patient group and a non-DME patient group, and thus were confirmed to be usable for accurate diagnosis of DME.