In a measurement unit, a primary acceleration sensor is fixed at the center of gravity of a flying object or at a position within a certain error range from the center of gravity. A secondary acceleration sensor is fixed inside the flying object so as to be spaced from the center of gravity of the flying object. In a measurement apparatus, an acquirer acquires a primary acceleration measured by the primary acceleration sensor during flight of the flying object and a secondary acceleration measured by the secondary acceleration sensor during the flight of the flying object. An estimator estimates a spin rate per unit time of the flying object from the acquired primary acceleration and the acquired secondary acceleration using maximum likelihood estimation.

In a measurement unit, a primary acceleration sensor is fixed at the center of gravity of a flying object or at a position within a certain error range from the center of gravity. A secondary acceleration sensor is fixed inside the flying object so as to be spaced from the center of gravity of the flying object. In a measurement apparatus, an acquirer acquires a primary acceleration measured by the primary acceleration sensor during flight of the flying object and a secondary acceleration measured by the secondary acceleration sensor during the flight of the flying object. An estimator estimates a spin rate per unit time of the flying object from the acquired primary acceleration and the acquired secondary acceleration using maximum likelihood estimation.

The present disclosure relates to a method for measuring a speed of a sports device. The method includes: acquiring movement data of the sports device during a process of tracking the sports device, the movement data being collected by a sensor disposed at a bottom of the sports device; calculating a linear speed and a rotational speed of the sports device based on accelerations of three axes in the movement data; and combining the linear speed and the rotational speed to obtain a movement speed of the sports device. In addition, the present disclosure also provides an apparatus for measuring a speed of a sports device, which corresponds to the above method. The method and the apparatus for measuring a speed of a sports device can improve the credibility of the speed measurement of the sports device.

Disclosed is a gradient information acquisition method comprising: a speed measured value acquisition step in which a measured value of the speed of a rail vehicle is acquired; a speed calculation step in which a calculated value of the speed of said vehicle is found using an equation of movement including a parameter indicating the gradient of the path of travel of said rail vehicle; a parameter value acquisition step in which a parameter value is found of a function indicating said gradient, for which parameter the difference of said measured value of the speed and said calculated value of the speed is a minimum; and a gradient information acquisition step of finding the gradient of said path of travel, based on the parameter value of the function indicating said gradient that was acquired in said parameter value acquisition step.

According to one aspect of an embodiment an estimation device includes a detection unit that detects a predetermined physical state that is produced at a time of movement. The estimation device includes an estimation unit that estimates a moving velocity from a state detected by the detection unit, by using a learner that has learned a velocity zone with the physical state being produced therefrom.

According to one aspect of an embodiment an estimation device includes a detection unit that detects a predetermined physical state that is produced at a time of movement. The estimation device includes an estimation unit that estimates a moving velocity from a state detected by the detection unit, by using a learner that has learned a velocity zone with the physical state being produced therefrom.

Apparatus and associated methods relate to generating a frequency spectrum weighting function for use in estimating a rotational frequency of the rotating member. The estimation of the rotational frequency is based on vibrations sensed by an accelerometer remotely located from a rotating member. The frequency spectrum weighting function is generated by a supervised learning method. The method includes receiving a set of test vectors. The test vectors include a rotational frequency value of the rotating member and a vibrational frequency spectrum corresponding to vibrations propagated to the accelerometer. The vibrations include vibrations caused by the rotating member rotating at the rotational frequency. The method includes calculating a test weighting function, and then weighting the vibrational frequency spectra by the test weighting function. The method includes calculating a vector score indicative of whether the weighted vibrational frequency spectra promote the identification of the rotational frequency of the rotating member.

Apparatus and associated methods relate to generating a frequency spectrum weighting function for use in estimating a rotational frequency of the rotating member. The estimation of the rotational frequency is based on vibrations sensed by an accelerometer remotely located from a rotating member. The frequency spectrum weighting function is generated by a supervised learning method. The method includes receiving a set of test vectors. The test vectors include a rotational frequency value of the rotating member and a vibrational frequency spectrum corresponding to vibrations propagated to the accelerometer. The vibrations include vibrations caused by the rotating member rotating at the rotational frequency. The method includes calculating a test weighting function, and then weighting the vibrational frequency spectra by the test weighting function. The method includes calculating a vector score indicative of whether the weighted vibrational frequency spectra promote the identification of the rotational frequency of the rotating member.

If a controller determines the calculation of a measured vehicle body velocity is possible, the controller calculates the measured vehicle body velocity as an estimated vehicle body velocity to conduct update processing for a K table and an AB table. If the controller determines the calculation of the measured vehicle body velocity is impossible, the controller extracts a conversion coefficient from the K table based on a detected running state while extracting a sensitivity coefficient and an offset coefficient from the AB table based on the temperature by a temperature sensor. The vehicle mounted apparatus calculates an axle pulse-based vehicle body velocity from the extracted conversion coefficient while calculating an acceleration-based vehicle body velocity from the extracted sensitivity coefficient and offset coefficient. The vehicle mounted apparatus calculates the estimated vehicle body velocity by weighting the calculation values of the axle pulse-based vehicle body velocity and the acceleration-based vehicle body velocity.

A trailer braking system having a surge component used in combination with an electric over hydraulic brake system. The surge component includes a sliding member with a magnetic sensor for detecting trailer deceleration, the sliding member providing an initial pressurization of the hydraulic system. A trailer mounted electrical circuit detects when the tow vehicle brakes are applied and includes a microcontroller for detecting the speed of deceleration provided by the magnetic sensor. A trailer mounted electric motor receives a signal from the circuit board to vary pressure to the brakes in accordance with the speed of deceleration.