In examples, an apparatus for sensing current comprises a power transistor; a sense transistor coupled to the power transistor; and an offset addition circuit coupled to the power transistor and the sense transistor, the offset addition circuit comprising a first pair of transistors and a differential amplifier. The apparatus also comprises a cascode amplifier circuit coupled to the offset addition circuit, the cascode amplifier circuit comprising a second pair of transistors, and a gain trim circuit coupled to the cascode amplifier circuit, the gain trim circuit including another differential amplifier and a third transistor. The apparatus further includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) coupled to the gain trim circuit and storage coupled to the ADC.

In examples, an apparatus for sensing current comprises a power transistor; a sense transistor coupled to the power transistor; and an offset addition circuit coupled to the power transistor and the sense transistor, the offset addition circuit comprising a first pair of transistors and a differential amplifier. The apparatus also comprises a cascode amplifier circuit coupled to the offset addition circuit, the cascode amplifier circuit comprising a second pair of transistors, and a gain trim circuit coupled to the cascode amplifier circuit, the gain trim circuit including another differential amplifier and a third transistor. The apparatus further includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) coupled to the gain trim circuit and storage coupled to the ADC.

An integrated current sensor comprising a Z axis gradiometer and a lead frame primary coil, wherein the Z-axis gradiometer is a magnetoresistive Z-axis gradient sensor, comprising a substrate, with two elongated soft magnetic flux concentrators placed upon the substrate. The soft ferromagnetic flux concentrators are located above or below but displaced from a long-axis centerline equidistant from the magnetoresistive sensor strings, such that the combined magnetoresistive sensing unit detects the magnetic field perpendicular to the long-axis center line, and it is configured as a gradiometer sensor bridge. The lead frame serves as the primary coil, and the Z-axis gradiometer is placed above or below a cross-section of the current carrying portion of the lead frame, such that the current detection direction is parallel to the long-axis centerline. This sensor can detect currents of up to 5 to 50 A, it has low power consumption, small size, and fully integrated.

A reel device is a casing device for rollingly storing wire. The casing has a turnplate and is coupled with a measuring model. The measuring model has a function of testing the external circuit or power source plug and providing warning or presenting information regarding the external circuit or power source plug.

A reel device is a casing device for rollingly storing wire. The casing has a turnplate and is coupled with a measuring model. The measuring model has a function of testing the external circuit or power source plug and providing warning or presenting information regarding the external circuit or power source plug.

Enclosures for electrical distribution systems include a height adjuster enclosure that provides connector buses and bus lines that rise from bus lines in a main terminal enclosure to connect to another enclosure such as a meter stack enclosure through the bus lines in the height adjuster enclosure.

Enclosures for electrical distribution systems include a height adjuster enclosure that provides connector buses and bus lines that rise from bus lines in a main terminal enclosure to connect to another enclosure such as a meter stack enclosure through the bus lines in the height adjuster enclosure.

A voltage detection circuit includes a resistance dividing circuit containing a coarse adjustment variable resistance circuit and a fine adjustment variable resistance circuit, a coarse adjustment circuit controlling the coarse adjustment variable resistance circuit, a fine adjustment circuit controlling the fine adjustment variable resistance circuit, and a control circuit controlling the coarse adjustment circuit and the fine adjustment circuit based upon a detection signal of a comparator circuit.

Systems, device and methods are provided for measuring parameters of a medium such as the dielectric properties of a medium including a plurality of layers, using an array of sensors. The array comprises at least two transducers and at least one transceiver attached to said at least two transducers, the at least one transceiver is configured to transmit at least one signal toward the medium and receive a plurality of signals affected by the medium; a data acquisition unit and at least one processor unit, configured to: process the affected plurality of signals to yield a plurality of transfer functions wherein each of said plurality of transfer functions comprising said medium response between two transducers of said at least two transducers as function of frequency or time; and process the plurality of transfer functions to yield a plurality of statistical measures, and process said statistical measures to calculate said medium parameters.

An electromagnetic gradiometer that includes multiple torsionally operated MEMS-based magnetic and/or electric field sensors with control electronics configured to provide magnetic and/or electric field gradient measurements. In one example a magnetic gradiometer includes a first torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensor having a capacitive read-out configured to provide a first measurement of a received magnetic field, a second torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensor coupled to the first torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensor and having the capacitive read-out configured to provide a second measurement of the received magnetic field, and control electronics coupled to the first and second torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensors and configured to determine a magnetic field gradient of the received magnetic field based the first and second measurements from the first and second torsionally operated MEMS electromagnetic sensors.