A charging control method of a computing system is provided. The method includes determining a charging mode for an external device connected to the computing system, charging the external device according to the charging mode, monitoring a current and a voltage in the computing system, and changing the charging mode based on the result of the monitoring.

According to various embodiments, a sensor arrangement for particle analysis may include: a base electrode configured to generate an electrical field for particle attraction; a support layer disposed over the base electrode; a sensor array disposed over the support layer and including or formed from a plurality of sensor elements, wherein each sensor element of the plurality of sensor elements is configured to generate or modify an electrical signal in response to a particle at least one of adsorbed to and approaching the sensor element; and an electrical contact structure may include or be formed from a plurality of contact lines, wherein each contact line of the plurality of contact lines is electrically connected to a respective sensor element of the plurality of sensor elements, such that each sensor element of the plurality of sensor elements is addressable via the contact structure.

The present disclosure relates to a measuring circuit for a conductivity sensor, wherein the measuring circuit includes a built-in reference circuit and multiple built-in measuring ranges.

The present disclosure relates to a measuring circuit for a conductivity sensor, wherein the measuring circuit includes a built-in reference circuit and multiple built-in measuring ranges.

The present disclosure relates to a method for determining the conductivity of a medium by means of a conductive conductivity sensor, comprising the steps of determining measured values of the conductivity sensor, determining reference measured values of a reference circuit integrated into the conductivity sensor, deriving at least one adjustment value from the reference measured values of the reference circuit, and correcting the measured values of the conductivity sensor by means of the at least one adjustment value.

The present disclosure relates to a method for determining the conductivity of a medium by means of a conductive conductivity sensor, comprising the steps of determining measured values of the conductivity sensor, determining reference measured values of a reference circuit integrated into the conductivity sensor, deriving at least one adjustment value from the reference measured values of the reference circuit, and correcting the measured values of the conductivity sensor by means of the at least one adjustment value.

A circuit comprising an ECM system is provided. The circuit includes a current monitor circuit configured to monitor the ECM system to measure a set of currents supplied to a set of circuits. The circuit also includes an alert circuit configured to generate an alert based on at least one current of the set of currents in comparison to at least one threshold. The circuit further includes a throttle circuit configured to throttle a performance of at least one circuit in order to decrease the current to the at least one circuit based on the generation of the alert. The current used by the circuit may act as an analogue for the system power used. Accordingly, the current used by the circuit may be used to determine when to throttle one or more aspects of the functionality of the circuit.

A circuit comprising an ECM system is provided. The circuit includes a current monitor circuit configured to monitor the ECM system to measure a set of currents supplied to a set of circuits. The circuit also includes an alert circuit configured to generate an alert based on at least one current of the set of currents in comparison to at least one threshold. The circuit further includes a throttle circuit configured to throttle a performance of at least one circuit in order to decrease the current to the at least one circuit based on the generation of the alert. The current used by the circuit may act as an analogue for the system power used. Accordingly, the current used by the circuit may be used to determine when to throttle one or more aspects of the functionality of the circuit.

The subject matter of this specification can be embodied in, among other things, a method for characterizing a fluid injector that includes receiving a collection of waveform data, identifying a pull locus, determining a detection threshold level value, identifying a first subset of the collection of data representative of a selected first electrical waveform of the collection of electrical waveforms, identifying an opening value, identifying a representative closing value, identifying an anchor value, identifying a second subset of the collection of data based on the collection of data, the pull locus, the first subset, and the opening value, identifying a maximum electrical value, identifying an opening locus based the collection of data, the anchor value, and the maximum electrical value, identifying a hold value, and providing characteristics associated with the fluid injector comprising the pull locus, the opening locus, the hold value, the anchor value, and the representative closing value.

The subject matter of this specification can be embodied in, among other things, a method for characterizing a fluid injector that includes receiving a collection of waveform data, identifying a pull locus, determining a detection threshold level value, identifying a first subset of the collection of data representative of a selected first electrical waveform of the collection of electrical waveforms, identifying an opening value, identifying a representative closing value, identifying an anchor value, identifying a second subset of the collection of data based on the collection of data, the pull locus, the first subset, and the opening value, identifying a maximum electrical value, identifying an opening locus based the collection of data, the anchor value, and the maximum electrical value, identifying a hold value, and providing characteristics associated with the fluid injector comprising the pull locus, the opening locus, the hold value, the anchor value, and the representative closing value.