A field device having a safe interface is based on two voltage regulators designed to set electrical current between corresponding contacts of the interface. The field device tests via which of the contacts the field device is connected with a superordinate unit and an automatic configuration of the interface can be performed for the appropriate transmission standard. Because the contacting to the superordinated unit is checked repetitively by means of two electrical current regulators it is assured that the field device can determine and automatically react to a change of the contacting at the interface even during measurement operation. This makes the interface safe and thereby increases the safety of the process plant, in which the field device is applied.

A sensor for a separable connector comprises a plug body comprising an insulating resin, the plug body configured to be inserted into the separable connector to encase a high voltage conductor disposed in the separable connector. The sensor also includes one or more high voltage capacitors encased by the insulating resin and configured to be electrically coupled to the separable connector at a first end portion when the plug body is inserted and one or more low voltage capacitors electrically coupled in series to the one or more high voltage capacitors to form a capacitive voltage divider. The sensor also includes a low voltage connection configured to provide a low voltage signal corresponding to a high voltage signal present in the separable connector, the low voltage connection comprising a coaxial contact having a first metal contact and a second metal contact.

Two ferromagnetic elements are disclosed that delimit a region for an electrical conductor, in which a current intensity should be measured. Each ferromagnetic element has an end surface. The end surfaces of the two ferromagnetic elements face each other and delimit an air gap. A magnetic field sensor is arranged in the air gap or near the air gap. The region delimited by the ferromagnetic elements is open on a side opposite the air gap and can thus receive the electrical conductor. The current intensity is measured by means of a magnetic field measurement. The ferromagnetic elements can be, in particular, L-shaped.

This application discloses a measurement apparatus that does not use a femtosecond laser light source and a delay stage. The measurement apparatus mixes a first laser light from a first CW laser light source and a second laser light from a second CW laser light source to generate an interference light having a beat in a range from GHz to THz and demultiplexes the interference light into a pump light and a probe light. A generating photoconductive antenna is irradiated with the pump light, and a detecting photoconductive antenna is irradiated with the probe light. A current value of an electromagnetic wave propagating through a waveguide connecting the generating photoconductive antenna and the detecting photoconductive antenna is measured using a current system connected to the detecting photoconductive antenna.

A current measurement apparatus configured to quickly block current. The current measurement apparatus includes a first terminal, a second terminal, a resistor interposed in a separated space between the first terminal and the second terminal; a circuit board, a control unit mounted on the circuit board and configured to measure a current flowing in the resistor by using a voltage value between the first terminal and the second terminal and a resistance value of the resistor, and a cutting unit located above or below the resistor and configured to cut the resistor according to a control signal of the control unit.

An electromagnetic field sensor includes a conductor plate, a signal output terminal to output a potential difference between the conductor plate and the signal output terminal, and a linear conductor including a first end electrically connected to a plate face of the conductor plate and a second end opposite to the first end and provided with a signal output terminal. The electromagnetic field sensor includes a loop plane that is formed by the conductor plate and the linear conductor and orthogonal to a plate face of the conductor plate when viewed from the side.

A method for controlling a power distribution system having a number of nodes and controllable grid assets associated with at least some of the node includes acquiring observations via measurement signals associated with respective nodes and generating a graph representation of a system state based on the observations and topological information of the power distribution system. The topological information is used to determine edges defining connections between nodes. The observations are used to determine nodal features of respective nodes, which are indicative of a measured electrical quantity and a status of controllable grid assets associated with the respective node. The graph representation is processed using a reinforcement learned control policy to output a control action for effecting a change of status of one or more of the controllable grid assets, to regulate voltage and reactive power flow in the power distribution system based on a volt-var optimization objective.

A current sensor system, includes: a plurality of conductors that are integrated into a substrate, each of the plurality of conductors having a respective first through-hole formed therein and a plurality of current sensors, each of the plurality of current sensors being disposed on the substrate. Each of the plurality of current sensors is disposed above or below the respective first through-hole of a different one of the plurality of conductors, and the substrate includes a plurality of conductive traces, each coupled to at least one of the plurality of current sensors.

In a sensor used in an energy harvesting system, electric power generated by a solar cell module is more efficiently utilized. In a sensor (100), a resistor (3) is connected in parallel with one of a first solar cell module (1a) and a second solar cell module (1b) that have mutually different current-voltage characteristics in the same illuminance environment and in series with the other one of the first solar cell module (1a) and the second solar cell module (1b). A first voltmeter (4a) measures a voltage (V1) across the first solar cell module (1a), and a second voltmeter (4b) measures a voltage (V2) across the second solar cell module (1b). A load (6) is fed with the electric power generated by the first solar cell module (1a) and the second solar cell module (1b).

A clamp-type AC voltage probe includes: a clamp portion that clamps a cable to be measured; an electrode disposed to be opposed to the cable clamped by the clamp portion; a parallel circuit in which a capacitor and a resistance are connected in parallel, and one end of which is connected to the electrode; a resistance one end of which is connected to the other end of the parallel circuit and the other end of which is connected to a circuit ground; a capacitor one end of which is connected to the other end of the parallel circuit and the other end of which is connected to the circuit ground; and an amplifier an input terminal of which is connected to the one end or the other end of the parallel circuit, and that amplifies and outputs a signal input into the input terminal.