A server rack includes an air inlet configured to intake air from outside of the server rack, an air exhaust outlet configured to exhaust air to an outside of the server rack, an inlet temperature sensor configured to measure the temperature of inlet air, a heat exchanger provided at an air exhaust outlet of the server rack, a power consumption sensor provided to a power supply of the server rack and configured to measure electrical power consumption of the server rack, and a heat exchange controller configured to control heat exchange between the heat exchanger and the exhaust air based on measurements from the inlet temperature sensor and the power consumption sensor.

Systems and methods herein automate detection of switched-capacitor bank operation on a power grid. At least one power line sensor (106) may be positioned on a power line to measure electric field strength and current. A processor may be in communication with the power line sensor and memory storing a capacitor bank analyzer as computer readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, control the processor to: receive electric field data and current data from the power line sensor. The processor may extract key characteristics from the electric field data and the current data, compare the key characteristics to a library of key characteristics of a predictive model, and output, based on the predictive model, a label indicating presence of, or lack of, a capacitor switching event. E-field and current data from multiple line sensors may be aggregated to provide additional insight to capacitor bank operation.

A method of operating a heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system of a structure, includes collecting first sensor data corresponding to a parameter of the HVAC system, collecting second sensor data that is different than the first sensor data, and generating clustered data by clustering the first sensor data and the second sensor data into a plurality of data clusters with a controller. The method also includes forming a transactional dataset based on at least the first sensor data, the second sensor data, and the clustered data with the controller, performing association rule mining (ARM) on the transactional dataset to generate a plurality of rules for each data cluster of the plurality of data clusters with the controller, and changing an operating characteristic of the HVAC system based on the plurality of rules with the controller to optimize the parameter.

A method of operating a heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system of a structure, includes collecting first sensor data corresponding to a parameter of the HVAC system, collecting second sensor data that is different than the first sensor data, and generating clustered data by clustering the first sensor data and the second sensor data into a plurality of data clusters with a controller. The method also includes forming a transactional dataset based on at least the first sensor data, the second sensor data, and the clustered data with the controller, performing association rule mining (ARM) on the transactional dataset to generate a plurality of rules for each data cluster of the plurality of data clusters with the controller, and changing an operating characteristic of the HVAC system based on the plurality of rules with the controller to optimize the parameter.

An indicator generating method for generating an indicator which is suitable for maintenance prediction of a water heating system is proposed. A power state indication device generates a high power consumption signal if a heating device of the water heating system is activated. The time duration of the activation is such an indicator, if no water flow is present. Furthermore, the time interval between subsequent activations is such an indicator. A predictive maintenance method processes these condition-based indicators and determines a remaining useful lifetime according to a predictive maintenance model. The predictive maintenance device outputs a maintenance signal indicating required maintenance, if the remaining useful lifetime drops below a predetermined threshold. The methods may be performed by water heating systems or beverage makers.

An indicator generating method for generating an indicator which is suitable for maintenance prediction of a water heating system is proposed. A power state indication device generates a high power consumption signal if a heating device of the water heating system is activated. The time duration of the activation is such an indicator, if no water flow is present. Furthermore, the time interval between subsequent activations is such an indicator. A predictive maintenance method processes these condition-based indicators and determines a remaining useful lifetime according to a predictive maintenance model. The predictive maintenance device outputs a maintenance signal indicating required maintenance, if the remaining useful lifetime drops below a predetermined threshold. The methods may be performed by water heating systems or beverage makers.

Techniques described herein address these and other issues by utilizing two or more sensors to take temperature measurements from which a temperature-differential or instantaneous temperature rate-of-change, can be determined. In turn, this can be used to make a highly accurate model of the relationship between the temperature, temperature-differential, and clock circuitry frequency, to accurately estimate the frequency rate-of-change for frequency correction/compensation.

Techniques described herein address these and other issues by utilizing two or more sensors to take temperature measurements from which a temperature-differential or instantaneous temperature rate-of-change, can be determined. In turn, this can be used to make a highly accurate model of the relationship between the temperature, temperature-differential, and clock circuitry frequency, to accurately estimate the frequency rate-of-change for frequency correction/compensation.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO 8217 Table 2 residual marine fuel Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil that is ISO 8217:2017 Table 2 compliant except for the Environmental Contaminants involves a Reaction System composed of one or more reactor vessels selected from a group reactor wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to promote the transformation of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has an Environmental Contaminant level less than 0.5 wt % and preferably a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 0.5 mass %. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is also disclosed.

A method and apparatus for analyzing power devices in a circuit are disclosed. In one embodiment, a power analysis apparatus analyzes information on power supplied to the circuit and classifies the power patterns into groups of their own similar power patterns by making reference to the information on the power patterns, so as to acquire at least one piece of motif information which is information on at least one fingerprint. The apparatus further counts the frequency of occurrence of each motif and determines a pair of specific motifs having the difference between the counted frequencies of occurrence, which is within a predetermined value range, and average power variation values symmetrical to each other, whereby an accurate determination can be made as to the individual power devices in the circuit.