A position sensor device includes position sensor elements for generating analog sense signals. A digitization circuit is provided for a digital signal representative of the input phase based on the analog sense signals and a digital processing unit. An output signal is indicative of the position based on the first output of the processing unit. The processing unit comprises an error signal generator for computing an error signal indicative of a phase difference between the digital signal and a feedback signal. A digital filter filters the error signal to generate the first output. A feedback path provides the feedback signal based on the first output and a filter selector to select a filter to be applied from different filters. At least one input on which a common filter circuit operates is scaled differently for each of the different filters to select different filter bandwidths.

A method of magnetic sensing uses at least two magnetic sensing elements including a first and a second magnetic sensor element. The method includes: a) measuring in a first configuration a combination of the first and second signal obtained from both sensors; b) measuring in a second configuration an individual signal obtained from the first sensor only; c) testing a consistency of the combined signal and the individual signal, or testing a consistency of signals derived therefrom, in order to detect an error. A sensor device is configured for performing this method. A sensor system includes the sensor device and optionally a second processor connected thereto.

A magnetic field detection device of an embodiment of the disclosure includes: a first magnetic field detection element having a first resistance value increasing upon application of a first magnetic field in a first direction and decreasing upon application of a second magnetic field in a second direction; and a second magnetic field detection element having a second resistance value decreasing upon application of the first magnetic field and increasing upon application of the second magnetic field. The first and second magnetic field detection elements each include first and second magneto-resistive effect films coupled in series. The first magneto-resistive effect film has a first major-axis direction inclined at a first inclination angle relative to the first direction. The second magneto-resistive effect film has a second major-axis direction inclined at a second inclination angle relative to the first direction. The magnetic field detection device satisfies conditional expressions (1) and (2).

Sensor assemblies are provided for use in modeling water systems. These sensor assemblies can be used as sensor fish. These assemblies can include a circuit board supporting processing circuitry components on either or both opposing component support surfaces of the circuit board and a housing above the circuit board and the components, with the housing being circular about the circuit board in at least one cross section, and wherein the supporting surfaces of the circuit board are substantially parallel with the plane of the housing in the one cross section. Methods for emulating interaction of entities within water systems are provided. The methods can include introducing a sensor assembly into a water system. The sensor assembly can include: a circuit board supporting processing circuitry components on either or both of opposing component support surfaces of the circuit board; a housing about the circuit board and the components, the housing being circular about the circuit board in at least one cross section; and wherein the support surfaces of the circuit board are substantially parallel with the plane of the housing in the one cross section.

A control assembly for controlling a speed or torque of operation of an electric device includes a control assembly housing, a magnetic sensor, a magnetic element; and an actuator. The actuator moves relative to the control assembly and, responsive to that movement, the magnetic sensor and magnetic element are moved relative to each other between a first position and a second position so that the magnetic sensor senses a first magnetic field reading when in the first position and senses a second magnetic field reading when in the second position. A control module is operably connected to the magnetic sensor and configured for controlling the electric device, and a magnetic shielding element is positioned within the control assembly housing to alleviate a magnetic signal source external to the control assembly from interfering with the sensing by the magnetic sensor.

Methods and apparatus for prosing a sensor IC package having first and second sets of magnetic field sensing elements and a third set of magnetic field sensing elements located between the first and second positions, wherein the first, second, and third sets of magnetic field sensing elements have a first axis of sensitivity and a second axis of sensitivity, wherein the first and second axes of sensitivity are orthogonal. The sensor IC package is positioned in relation to a target comprising a two-pole magnet and the first and second axes of sensitivity are perpendicular to an axis about which the target rotates. Differential signals are processed to determine an absolute position of the target. A first secondary angle position is generated from the first and third sets of magnetic field sensing elements.

An electromagnetic gradiometer that includes multiple torsionally operated MEMS-based magnetic and/or electric field sensors with control electronics configured to provide magnetic and/or electric field gradient measurements. In one example a magnetic gradiometer includes a first torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensor having a capacitive read-out configured to provide a first measurement of a received magnetic field, a second torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensor coupled to the first torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensor and having the capacitive read-out configured to provide a second measurement of the received magnetic field, and control electronics coupled to the first and second torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensors and configured to determine a magnetic field gradient of the received magnetic field based the first and second measurements from the first and second torsionally operated MEMS electromagnetic sensors.

The magnetic detection system (100) is provided with a magnetic sensor (1) and a waveform pattern classification unit (33c). The waveform pattern classification unit (33c) is configured to classify waveform patterns of magnetic signals acquired by the magnetic sensor (1) based on a waveform pattern distribution (60) generated based on a plurality of fully connected layers (52c) generated by weighting and connecting respective features in waveform patterns for each waveform pattern by machine-learning, and features in the waveform patterns of the magnetic signals.

A brain measurement apparatus configured to generate an MR image and a brain's magnetic field distribution of a subject includes: an MRI module having a transmission coil configured to transmit a transmission pulse toward the subject and a detection coil configured to detect a nuclear magnetic resonance signal generated in the subject by the transmission pulse; an optically pumped magnetometer configured to detect a brain's magnetic field of the subject; a generator configured to generate the MR image based on the nuclear magnetic resonance signal detected by the detection coil and generating the brain's magnetic field distribution based on the brain's magnetic field detected by the optically pumped magnetometer; a marker displayed on the MR image generated by the generator; and a helmet-type frame to which the detection coil, the optically pumped magnetometer, and the marker are attached and which is attached to a head of the subject.

We use the AC Hall effect to characterize a magnetic field at an unknown frequency (or frequencies). The current to the Hall sensor is driven at a known frequency f. The output Hall voltage is characterized in a frequency range from f1 to f2 (with f<f1<f2 and f2−f1<2f). This provides a measurement of the magnetic field in a frequency range from f1−f to f2−f. The resulting measurement of magnetic field spectral components is phase-independent and requires no prior knowledge of exact magnetic field frequency.