Disclosed is a measuring bridge arrangement containing: a measuring bridge comprising at least one first half bridge having a first measuring connection and a second half bridge having a second measuring connection; a reference voltage divider having at least one first and a second test connection; a differential amplifier having at least one first and a second amplifier input and at least one amplifier output, a voltage amplification, and having an output voltage working range. In the arrangement, the first amplifier input is wired to a first capacitor and the second amplifier input is wired to a second capacitor, and the amplifier inputs can be selectively connected to the measuring connections or to the test connections.

Disclosed is a measuring bridge arrangement containing: a measuring bridge comprising at least one first half bridge having a first measuring connection and a second half bridge having a second measuring connection; a reference voltage divider having at least one first and a second test connection; a differential amplifier having at least one first and a second amplifier input and at least one amplifier output, a voltage amplification, and having an output voltage working range. In the arrangement, the first amplifier input is wired to a first capacitor and the second amplifier input is wired to a second capacitor, and the amplifier inputs can be selectively connected to the measuring connections or to the test connections.

The invention relates to a test apparatus for checking a battery control device or for checking a battery having at least one cell, comprising a battery simulator (18) for simulating a voltage of at least one cell of a simulated battery for specification on the battery control device, wherein the battery control device or the battery is connected to an evaluation module (14) via a rail designed as a central bus in order to process and check the voltage of a selected cell, wherein the selected cell of the battery simulator for the battery control device or the selected cell of the battery can be selected via a separation module (24). In this way, a test apparatus for checking a battery control device or for checking a battery can be provided, which has a simple construction and can check all of the cells of a simulated or actual battery in a simple manner.

An electrostatic encoder (40) detects the rotation angle of a rotor (42) with great accuracy based on the change in the capacitance between electrodes arranged on a stator (41) and the rotor (42). Detection electrodes (44a to 44d) and transmission electrodes (45a to 45d) are arranged circumferentially and alternately on the stator (41). Detection signals (phase A, phase B) amplitude-modulated based on the rotation of the rotor (42) and having a mutual phase difference of 90 degrees are output from adjacent ones of the detection electrodes. Modulated signals (V1, V2) are generated by demodulating the detection signals having a mutual phase difference of 90 degrees. Applying resolver-digital (RD) conversion processing to the modulated signals allows obtaining the rotation angle of the rotor.

A comb signal generator that includes at least two signal sources that each provide a signal, wherein the signals provided by the at least two signal sources are shaped similarly. The com signal generator also has a combining circuit connected with the at least two signal sources, wherein the combining circuit is configured to combine the signals provided by the at least two signal sources, thereby generating a combined signal. Further, the com signal generator includes a clipping circuit connected with the combining circuit, wherein the clipping circuit is configured to receive and process the combined signal, thereby generating a comb signal. Further, a method of providing a phase and amplitude reference is described.

A method of calibrating a high frequency signal measurement system is described. The measurement system is in the form of a network analyzer (6) and has first and second phase-locked signal sources (SS1 & SS2) and at least two measurement receivers (18a, 18b). A phase meter (26) is provided. A reference signal (F0) is outputted at a first frequency from the first signal source (SS1). The second signal source (SS2) steps through a multiplicity of different test frequencies (nF0), being phase-locked with the reference signal (F0), which are applied in turn to a part of the measurement system. Measurements are taken, via the two measurement receivers (18a, 18b), of characteristics of the resulting signal at a measurement plane. The absolute phase of the signal at the measurement plane is also measured with the phase meter (26). Calibration data is generated which relates the characteristics of the signals as measured by the measurement system (6) and the absolute phase as measured with the phase meter (26).

In a method and device for measuring current at a converter, the prevailing phase current is determined at the output of the converter by current-measuring devices, in order to supply it to a closed-loop control device assigned to the converter. The prevailing phase current to be ascertained at an output of the converter is measured independently at two current-measuring devices, and the measuring results of both current-measuring devices are utilized to determine the prevailing phase current.

A battery-pack fault detecting device and a method for detecting a fault of a battery pack are provided. The battery-pack fault detecting device includes: N diodes, in which each battery is connected with one of the N diodes in anti-parallel via a detecting line; N+1 switches; a switch control circuit for switching on or switching off each switch; a voltage collecting circuit connected with the switch control circuit for collecting a voltage of the battery; an analog-to-digital conversion circuit for performing an analog-digital conversion on the voltage of the battery to obtain a digital voltage; a detection control circuit connected with the switch control circuit and the analog-to-digital conversion circuit, for controlling the switch control circuit to switch on or off each switch and for comparing the digital voltage with a preset value to judge a fault of the battery pack.

A magnetic field sensor includes first and second sensors for detecting first and second magnetic components according to first and second directions. Each sensor includes a flux concentrator including first and second magnetic parts, an air gap between the parts, and a magnetoresistive element in the air gap. Each magnetoresistive element includes a reference layer having a fixed magnetization direction, the fixed magnetization direction of the first and second sensors being substantially identical, and a sensitive layer having a variable magnetization direction, the variable magnetization direction of the first sensor when the first sensor is in a state of rest being substantially identical to the variable magnetization direction of the second sensor when the second sensor is in the state of rest. The air gaps of first and second sensor are oriented parallel to a direction XY which is, at ±15°, the bisector of the first and second directions.

A circuit comprises a load transistor and a current measuring circuit that is coupled to the load transistor. The load transistor has a main current path, which is connected between a first supply node and an output pin for connecting a load. The current measuring circuit has a sense transistor coupled to the load transistor. The current measuring circuit is designed to deliver a measuring current that represents a load current flowing through the load transistor. The circuit also comprises an analog-to-digital converter with a current input, and a digital-to-analog converter. The analog-to-digital converter is designed to output a digital signal representing an input current of the analog-to-digital converter. The digital-to-analog converter is designed to output an output current that depends on the digital signal. A control circuit is designed to output the measuring current.