An image sensor device includes a plurality of pixel cells arranged in a pixel array, a control circuit for controlling an exposure phase and a sampling phase of the image sensor device. Each of the plurality of pixel cells includes a photodiode, a storage diode, and a floating diffusion region. The control circuit is configured to activate the photodiode in a plurality of time windows to sense light reflected from a target as a result of a corresponding plurality of emitted light pulses, with a pre-determined delay time between each time window and a corresponding emitted light pulse. The photodiode can be activated using a plurality of bias voltage pulses or a plurality of global shutter signal pulses.

An image sensor device includes a plurality of pixel cells arranged in a pixel array, a control circuit for controlling an exposure phase and a sampling phase of the image sensor device. Each of the plurality of pixel cells includes a photodiode, a storage diode, and a floating diffusion region. The control circuit is configured to activate the photodiode in a plurality of time windows to sense light reflected from a target as a result of a corresponding plurality of emitted light pulses, with a pre-determined delay time between each time window and a corresponding emitted light pulse. The photodiode can be activated using a plurality of bias voltage pulses or a plurality of global shutter signal pulses.

A system and method of carrying out a remedial vehicle action in response to determining an error in a monitored vehicle sensor, the method include: determining a vehicle true velocity vector based on measurements from vehicle operations sensors; determining a monitored sensor velocity vector based on measurements from the monitored vehicle sensor; when it is determined that the vehicle true velocity vector is different than the monitored sensor velocity vector, then testing for a first component error, wherein the testing for the first component error includes calculating a first component error value based on a first component measured value and a first component corrected value, and when one or more measured vector components of the monitored sensor velocity vector are determined to be erroneous, them carrying out a remedial vehicle action.

A system and method of carrying out a remedial vehicle action in response to determining an error in a monitored vehicle sensor, the method include: determining a vehicle true velocity vector based on measurements from vehicle operations sensors; determining a monitored sensor velocity vector based on measurements from the monitored vehicle sensor; when it is determined that the vehicle true velocity vector is different than the monitored sensor velocity vector, then testing for a first component error, wherein the testing for the first component error includes calculating a first component error value based on a first component measured value and a first component corrected value, and when one or more measured vector components of the monitored sensor velocity vector are determined to be erroneous, them carrying out a remedial vehicle action.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems for calculating time delays by a Wasserstein approach are provided. A plurality of signals are recorded by a plurality of sensors (three or more), respectively, and received at a controller. The plurality of signals recorded by the plurality of sensors are generated in response to a signal emitted by a source. The plurality of signals are converted into a plurality of probability density functions. A cumulative distribution transform for each of the plurality of probability density functions is calculated. A time delay for each unique pair of the plurality of sensors is calculated by minimizing a Wasserstein distance between two cumulative distribution transforms corresponding to the unique pair of the plurality of sensors.

In one embodiment, a system of detecting seat belt operation in a vehicle includes at least one light source configured to emit a predetermined wavelength of light onto structures within the vehicle, wherein at least one of the structures is a passenger seat belt assembly having a pattern that reflects the predetermined wavelength at a preferred luminance. At least one 3-D time of flight camera is positioned in the vehicle to receive reflected light from the structures in the vehicle and provide images of the structures that distinguish the preferred luminance of the pattern from other structures in the vehicle. A computer processor connected to computer memory and the camera includes computer readable instructions causing the processor to reconstruct 3-D information in regard to respective images of the structures and calculate a depth measurement of the distance of the reflective pattern on the passenger seat belt assembly from the camera.

In one embodiment, a system of detecting seat belt operation in a vehicle includes at least one light source configured to emit a predetermined wavelength of light onto structures within the vehicle, wherein at least one of the structures is a passenger seat belt assembly having a pattern that reflects the predetermined wavelength at a preferred luminance. At least one 3-D time of flight camera is positioned in the vehicle to receive reflected light from the structures in the vehicle and provide images of the structures that distinguish the preferred luminance of the pattern from other structures in the vehicle. A computer processor connected to computer memory and the camera includes computer readable instructions causing the processor to reconstruct 3-D information in regard to respective images of the structures and calculate a depth measurement of the distance of the reflective pattern on the passenger seat belt assembly from the camera.

Techniques are described herein for determining the distance from, to or between radiating objects in a multipath environment. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure describe techniques for determining the distance between an antenna array system (or wireless charger) and a wireless power receiver in a multipath wireless power delivery environment. Calibration techniques are disclosed that account for and/or otherwise quantify the multipath effects of the wireless power delivery environment. In some embodiment, the quantified multipath effects modify the Friis transmission equation, thereby facilitating the distance determination in multipath environments.

Techniques are described herein for determining the distance from, to or between radiating objects in a multipath environment. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure describe techniques for determining the distance between an antenna array system (or wireless charger) and a wireless power receiver in a multipath wireless power delivery environment. Calibration techniques are disclosed that account for and/or otherwise quantify the multipath effects of the wireless power delivery environment. In some embodiment, the quantified multipath effects modify the Friis transmission equation, thereby facilitating the distance determination in multipath environments.

A user terminal device is disclosed. The user terminal device comprises: a communication unit for implementing communication between at least one other user terminal device and a terminal for payment; a display unit for displaying a UI screen for a payment; a user input unit for inputting information on payment means and a payment amount on the UI screen; and a processor for controlling a communication unit for receiving, from at least one other user terminal device, information on payment means and a payment amount input in the at least one other user terminal device and, on the basis of information input through the user input unit and received information, transmitting payment requests respectively corresponding to the user terminal device and the at least one other user terminal device to the terminal for payment.