A user terminal device is disclosed. The user terminal device comprises: a communication unit for implementing communication between at least one other user terminal device and a terminal for payment; a display unit for displaying a UI screen for a payment; a user input unit for inputting information on payment means and a payment amount on the UI screen; and a processor for controlling a communication unit for receiving, from at least one other user terminal device, information on payment means and a payment amount input in the at least one other user terminal device and, on the basis of information input through the user input unit and received information, transmitting payment requests respectively corresponding to the user terminal device and the at least one other user terminal device to the terminal for payment.

An image sensor device includes a plurality of pixel cells arranged in a pixel array, a control circuit for controlling an exposure phase and a sampling phase of the image sensor device. Each of the plurality of pixel cells includes a photodiode, a storage diode, and a floating diffusion region. The control circuit is configured to activate the photodiode in a plurality of time windows to sense light reflected from a target as a result of a corresponding plurality of emitted light pulses, with a pre-determined delay time between each time window and a corresponding emitted light pulse. The photodiode can be activated using a plurality of bias voltage pulses or a plurality of global shutter signal pulses.

An image sensor device includes a plurality of pixel cells arranged in a pixel array, a control circuit for controlling an exposure phase and a sampling phase of the image sensor device. Each of the plurality of pixel cells includes a photodiode, a storage diode, and a floating diffusion region. The control circuit is configured to activate the photodiode in a plurality of time windows to sense light reflected from a target as a result of a corresponding plurality of emitted light pulses, with a pre-determined delay time between each time window and a corresponding emitted light pulse. The photodiode can be activated using a plurality of bias voltage pulses or a plurality of global shutter signal pulses.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems for calculating time delays by a Wasserstein approach are provided. A plurality of signals are recorded by a plurality of sensors (three or more), respectively, and received at a controller. The plurality of signals recorded by the plurality of sensors are generated in response to a signal emitted by a source. The plurality of signals are converted into a plurality of probability density functions. A cumulative distribution transform for each of the plurality of probability density functions is calculated. A time delay for each unique pair of the plurality of sensors is calculated by minimizing a Wasserstein distance between two cumulative distribution transforms corresponding to the unique pair of the plurality of sensors

A method includes receiving object data, by a controller of a host vehicle, from a plurality of sources, the plurality of sources including remote objects and a sensor system of the host vehicle; identifying, by the controller of the host vehicle, a target object using the object data from the plurality of sources, the object data including a target-object data, and the target-object data is the object data that specifically pertains to the target object determining, by the controller, that the target-object data is available from more than one of the plurality of sources; and in response to determining that the target-object data is available from more than one of the plurality of sources, fusing, by the controller, the target-object data that is available from more than one of the plurality of sources to create a single dataset about the target object.

A positioning system according to an embodiment of the above description includes a transmitter including a first transmitting unit and a second transmitting unit for transmitting a first signal and a second signal having different velocities, respectively; and a receiver including: a first receiving unit and a second receiving unit for measuring each time of reception of the first signal and the second signal; and a position determining unit for measuring a location of the transmitter using a difference in reception time of the first signal and the second signal.

A positioning system according to an embodiment of the above description includes a transmitter including a first transmitting unit and a second transmitting unit for transmitting a first signal and a second signal having different velocities, respectively; and a receiver including: a first receiving unit and a second receiving unit for measuring each time of reception of the first signal and the second signal; and a position determining unit for measuring a location of the transmitter using a difference in reception time of the first signal and the second signal.

In one embodiment, a system of detecting seat belt operation in a vehicle includes at least one light source configured to emit a predetermined wavelength of light onto structures within the vehicle, wherein at least one of the structures is a passenger seat belt assembly having a pattern that reflects the predetermined wavelength at a preferred luminance. At least one 3-D time of flight camera is positioned in the vehicle to receive reflected light from the structures in the vehicle and provide images of the structures that distinguish the preferred luminance of the pattern from other structures in the vehicle. A computer processor connected to computer memory and the camera includes computer readable instructions causing the processor to reconstruct 3-D information in regard to respective images of the structures and calculate a depth measurement of the distance of the reflective pattern on the passenger seat belt assembly from the camera.

In one embodiment, a system of detecting seat belt operation in a vehicle includes at least one light source configured to emit a predetermined wavelength of light onto structures within the vehicle, wherein at least one of the structures is a passenger seat belt assembly having a pattern that reflects the predetermined wavelength at a preferred luminance. At least one 3-D time of flight camera is positioned in the vehicle to receive reflected light from the structures in the vehicle and provide images of the structures that distinguish the preferred luminance of the pattern from other structures in the vehicle. A computer processor connected to computer memory and the camera includes computer readable instructions causing the processor to reconstruct 3-D information in regard to respective images of the structures and calculate a depth measurement of the distance of the reflective pattern on the passenger seat belt assembly from the camera.

An electronic device includes a first portion, a second portion, and a joint moveably coupling the first and second portions for angular adjustment between the first and second portions. A speaker is fixed on the first portion at a first known distance from the joint, and a microphone is fixed on the second portion at a second known distance from the joint. An angle sensing machine is configured to emit a known sound from the speaker, detect the known sound at the microphone, and measure a transmission time of the known sound from speaker to microphone. Based on the transmission time, a current angle of the first portion relative to the second portion is calculated.