A system and method for determining a position of a focal spot of an X-ray source may be provided. The system may include a shelter to attenuate X-rays emitted from the focal spot of the X-ray source and an X-ray receiver to receive X-rays. The X-ray receiver may include a plurality of X-ray receiving regions. At least one of the plurality of X-ray receiving regions may X-rays that include attenuated X-rays by the shelter and unattenuated X-rays. The shelter and the X-ray receiver may reside between the X-ray source and an X-ray detector for determining the position of the focal spot.

A variety of applications can include a gamma ray downhole logging system having a gamma ray detector, where temperature sensitivity of the gamma ray detector is accounted for in the operation of the logging system. Correction of sensitivity of the gamma ray detector can include using a measure of sensitivity drift derived from temperature binned gamma ray spectra from measurements by the gamma ray detector over a calibration period for a number of calibration periods. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

The present invention relates to a detector arrangement for an X-ray phase contrast system (5), the detector arrangement (1) comprising: a scintillator (11); an optical grating (12); and a detector (13); wherein the optical grating (12) is arranged between the scintillator (11) and the detector (13); wherein the scintillator (11) converts X-ray radiation (2) into optical radiation (3); wherein the IN optical grating (12) is configured to be an analyzer grating being adapted to a phase-grating (21) of an X-ray phase contrast system (5); wherein the optical path between the optical grating (12) and the scintillator (11) is free of focussing elements for optical radiation. The present invention further relates to a method (100) for performing X-ray phase contrast imaging with a detector arrangement (1) mentioned above. The invention avoids the use of an X-ray absorption grating as G2 grating in an X-ray phase contrast interferometer system.

Provided are an X-ray detector, an X-ray system including the X-ray detector, and a method of operating the X-ray system. The X-ray detector includes a shock-detecting sensor configured to detect a shock applied to the X-ray detector. By applying a shock-absorbing member to the shock-detecting sensor, it is possible to attenuate the shock applied to the X-ray detector and expand a range of shock values measurable by the shock-detecting sensor. The X-ray system provides information about the shock applied to the X-ray detector to an external server that stores and accumulates the information for later use.

The present invention relates to methods and kits to assess an absorbed dose of ionizing radiation and/or the severity of tissue injury from radiation in a patient. The invention also relates to algorithms used to calculate an absorbed dose of radiation based on biomarker measurements of a plurality of biomarkers that are altered relative to a normal control in the event of radiation exposure.

Methods and devices for detecting incident radiation, such as incident X-rays or gamma-rays, are provided. The methods and devices use single-crystalline mercury chalcoiodide compounds having the formula Hg.sub.3Q.sub.2I.sub.2, where Q represents a chalcogen atom or a combination of chalcogen atoms, as photoelectric materials. Also provided are methods for growing single-crystals of the mercury chalcoiodide compounds using external organic chemical transport agents.

A medical nuclear imaging system (10) and method (100) generate smooth energy histograms. Radiation events are detected by a plurality of detectors (14), the radiation events localized to a plurality of pixels of the detectors (14). The energy levels of the detected radiation events are estimated and the estimated energy levels are scaled with scaling parameters that scale the energy centroids of the plurality of pixels to target values differing by offsets around a common target value, the target values differing with spatial location of the plurality of pixels. Target value offsets are removed from the scaled energy levels and the detected radiation events are combined into an energy histogram using the energy levels with the target value offsets removed.

Disclosed herein is an apparatus comprising: a radiation absorption layer comprising an electrode; a counter configured to register a number of radiation particles absorbed by the radiation absorption layer; a controller configured to start a time delay from a time at which an absolute value of an electrical signal on the electrode equals or exceeds an absolute value of a first threshold; a comparator configured to compare the electrical signal to a second threshold; wherein the controller is configured to activate the comparator during the time delay; wherein the controller is configured to cause the number registered by the counter to change, if the comparator determines that an absolute value of the electrical signal equals or exceeds an absolute value of the second threshold.

A radiation detection device includes a plurality of field effect transistors (FETs) arranged to form a resonant cavity. The cavity includes a first end and a second end. The plurality of FETs provide an electromagnetic field defining an standing wave oscillating at a resonant frequency defined by a characteristic of the cavity. A radiation input passing through the cavity induces a perturbation of the electromagnetic field.

Apparatuses (devices, systems) and methods for shielding (protecting) surroundings around periphery of regions of interest located inside objects (e.g., patients) from radiation emitted by X-ray systems towards the objects. Apparatus includes: at least one radiation shield assembly including a support base connectable to an X-ray system radiation source or detector, and a plurality of radiation shield segments sequentially positioned relative to the support base, thereby forming a contiguous radiopaque screen configured for spanning around the region of interest periphery with a radiopaque screen edge opposing the object. Radiation shield segments are individually, actively controllable to extend or contract to selected lengths with respective free ends in directions away from or towards the support base(s), for locally changing contour of the radiopaque screen edge. Applicable for shielding (protecting) medical personnel, and patients, from exposure to X-ray radiation during medical interventions or/and diagnostics.