A system and associated methodology determines the porosity and water saturation of a cavity using a joint inversion of gravity and ground penetrating radar data. The system exhibits high accuracy. In one embodiment, the cavity is spherical.

A system and associated methodology determines the porosity and water saturation of a cavity using a joint inversion of gravity and ground penetrating radar data. The system exhibits high accuracy. In one embodiment, the cavity is spherical.

Disclosed is a method for measuring an external parameter by atomic interferometry using two sets of atoms that belong to different species. Two measurements are taken simultaneously at the same location, but independently from one another, in order to obtain two measurement results. Constant phase shifts that appear in the atomic interferences for the two atom sets are quadrature-adjusted in order to ensure that one of the two measurements provides a value for the external parameter with satisfactory accuracy.

Disclosed are density determination method, apparatuses, and electronic device, applied in geophysical exploration, comprising: acquiring Bouguer gravity anomalies at measurement points for a target body to be measured; determining a Bouguer gravity anomaly of the target body for each measurement point as a first anomaly based on the Bouguer gravity anomalies at the measurement points, and determining a Bouguer gravity anomaly of a reference body corresponding to the target body to be measured at the measurement point as a second anomaly at the measurement point, based on the Bouguer gravity anomalies at the measurement points; calculating a difference between the first anomaly and the second anomaly at the measurement point as a local gravity anomaly; and performing density inversion on the target body to be measured to obtain density distribution in transverse cross-section of the target body, thereby obtaining the density of the target body more accurately.

Disclosed are density determination method, apparatuses, and electronic device, applied in geophysical exploration, comprising: acquiring Bouguer gravity anomalies at measurement points for a target body to be measured; determining a Bouguer gravity anomaly of the target body for each measurement point as a first anomaly based on the Bouguer gravity anomalies at the measurement points, and determining a Bouguer gravity anomaly of a reference body corresponding to the target body to be measured at the measurement point as a second anomaly at the measurement point, based on the Bouguer gravity anomalies at the measurement points; calculating a difference between the first anomaly and the second anomaly at the measurement point as a local gravity anomaly; and performing density inversion on the target body to be measured to obtain density distribution in transverse cross-section of the target body, thereby obtaining the density of the target body more accurately.

An airborne gravity-based transducer is disclosed as two embodiments with similar physical structures but different operating principles. The first design includes a particle acting as an active interface characterized by internal vibrations relating to its de Broglie wave, a resonant cavity for trapping the particle, and a phonon-wave source wherein the de Broglie and phonon waves interact over a junction area. In the second design, mechanical displacements between the transducer elements can be monitored through electromechanical transduction.

Methods, systems, and devices for characterizing a water-flooded zone in an earth formation resulting from injection of water to the formation through an injector well borehole intersecting the formation. The method includes estimating horizontal elongation of the water-flooded zone using a gravity field change in the injector well borehole. Estimating horizontal elongation may include predicting a gravity field change for each of a plurality of model water-flooded zones for the borehole, wherein each model water-flooded zone is an elliptical cylinder having finite height and semi-axes; and fitting the gravity field change to one of the predicted gravity field changes corresponding to one of the plurality of elliptical cylinder model water-flooded zones. The gravity field change may comprise a difference between a first estimated gravity field in the injector well borehole before injection and a second estimated gravity field in the injector well borehole after injection.

Methods, systems, and devices for characterizing a water-flooded zone in an earth formation resulting from injection of water to the formation through an injector well borehole intersecting the formation. The method includes estimating horizontal elongation of the water-flooded zone using a gravity field change in the injector well borehole. Estimating horizontal elongation may include predicting a gravity field change for each of a plurality of model water-flooded zones for the borehole, wherein each model water-flooded zone is an elliptical cylinder having finite height and semi-axes; and fitting the gravity field change to one of the predicted gravity field changes corresponding to one of the plurality of elliptical cylinder model water-flooded zones. The gravity field change may comprise a difference between a first estimated gravity field in the injector well borehole before injection and a second estimated gravity field in the injector well borehole after injection.

A high frequency gravitational wave generator including a gas filled shell with an outer shell surface, microwave emitters, sound generators, and acoustic vibration resonant gas-filled cavities. The outer shell surface is electrically charged and vibrated by the microwave emitters to generate a first electromagnetic field. The acoustic vibration resonant gas-filled cavities each have a cavity surface that can be electrically charged and vibrated by acoustic energy from the sound generators such that a second electromagnetic field is generated. The two acoustic vibration resonant gas-filled cavities are able to counter spin relative to each other to provide stability, and propagating gravitational field fluctuations are generated when the second electromagnetic field propagates through the first electromagnetic field.

A high frequency gravitational wave generator including a gas filled shell with an outer shell surface, microwave emitters, sound generators, and acoustic vibration resonant gas-filled cavities. The outer shell surface is electrically charged and vibrated by the microwave emitters to generate a first electromagnetic field. The acoustic vibration resonant gas-filled cavities each have a cavity surface that can be electrically charged and vibrated by acoustic energy from the sound generators such that a second electromagnetic field is generated. The two acoustic vibration resonant gas-filled cavities are able to counter spin relative to each other to provide stability, and propagating gravitational field fluctuations are generated when the second electromagnetic field propagates through the first electromagnetic field.