A hybrid sensor for calibrating a primary active infrared (IR) sensor to more accurately locate, continuously calibrate, and conserve energy by more accurately detecting via the active IR detection is described herein. The hybrid sensor includes one or more infrared sensors and one or more time-of-flight sensors. The time-of-flight sensor may remain in a dormant state (e.g., low power or sleep mode) until the one or more infrared sensors detect an object. In response to detecting an object, the time-of-flight sensor may be activated to obtain several measurements of the object. After obtaining the measurements, the time-of-flight sensor may return to its dormant state. The hybrid sensor may use the measurements obtained by the time-of-flight sensor to calibrate the one or more infrared sensors to provide more accurate measurements on an object-by-object basis.

A method is provided to measure a modulus of complex sensitivity of hydrophone data channels using a quasi-diffuse sound field. In the method, a radiation pattern representing shallow water sources directs to a location as a direct acoustic path and sound reflects to the location from the water bottom as a reflected acoustic path. At least one hydrophone receives the sounds at the location as acoustic signals with an acoustic intensity being the sound intensities along the acoustic paths. The sound intensity at the hydrophones also relates to a zenith angle and a bottom intensity reflection coefficient. The modulus of the frequency dependent sensitivity of the hydrophone is computed from measurements of the voltage output and voltages of reference hydrophones with the sound intensity as factor and with uncertainty reduced by averaging hydrophone sensitivities.

A method is provided to measure a modulus of complex sensitivity of hydrophone data channels using a quasi-diffuse sound field. In the method, a radiation pattern representing shallow water sources directs to a location as a direct acoustic path and sound reflects to the location from the water bottom as a reflected acoustic path. At least one hydrophone receives the sounds at the location as acoustic signals with an acoustic intensity being the sound intensities along the acoustic paths. The sound intensity at the hydrophones also relates to a zenith angle and a bottom intensity reflection coefficient. The modulus of the frequency dependent sensitivity of the hydrophone is computed from measurements of the voltage output and voltages of reference hydrophones with the sound intensity as factor and with uncertainty reduced by averaging hydrophone sensitivities.

A method for calibrating a downhole tool may comprise disposing a downhole tool in a borehole, transmitting a signal from a master module disposed on the first device to a module disposed on the second device, transmitting a return signal from the module to the master module, receiving the return signal with the master module, measuring a tone enabled delay for the signal to travel from the master module to the module, and determining a time delay of a return signal to travel from the module to the master module. A well measurement system may comprise a downhole tool. The downhole tool may further comprise a first device and a master module disposed on the first device, wherein the master module may comprise a master transmitter and a master receiver. In examples, the downhole tool may further comprise a second device and a module disposed on the second device.

Disclosed is a calibration method for a rotating accelerometer gravity gradiometer, wherein linear motion error coefficients, angular motion error coefficients, self-gradient model parameters and scale factors of the rotating accelerometer gravity gradiometer are calibrated once by changing linear motion, angular motion, and self-gradient excitations of the rotating accelerometer gravity gradiometer. The calibrated linear and angular motion error coefficients are used for compensating for motion errors of the gravity gradiometer online, and the calibrated self-gradient model parameters are used for self-gradient compensation. The calibration method provided by the present invention is easy to operate and not limited by any calibration site, thereby being suitable for programmed self-calibration and realizing an important engineering value.

Disclosed is a calibration method for a rotating accelerometer gravity gradiometer, wherein linear motion error coefficients, angular motion error coefficients, self-gradient model parameters and scale factors of the rotating accelerometer gravity gradiometer are calibrated once by changing linear motion, angular motion, and self-gradient excitations of the rotating accelerometer gravity gradiometer. The calibrated linear and angular motion error coefficients are used for compensating for motion errors of the gravity gradiometer online, and the calibrated self-gradient model parameters are used for self-gradient compensation. The calibration method provided by the present invention is easy to operate and not limited by any calibration site, thereby being suitable for programmed self-calibration and realizing an important engineering value.

A method may include transforming optical responses for a fluid sample to a parameter space of a downhole tool. The optical responses are obtained using a first operational sensor and a second operational sensor of the downhole tool. Fluid models are applied in the parameter space of the downhole tool to the transformed optical responses to obtain density predictions of the fluid sample. The density predictions of the first operational sensor are matched to the density predictions of the second operational sensor based on optical parameters of the fluid models to obtain matched density predictions. A difference between the matched density predictions and measurements obtained from a densitometer is calculated, and a contamination index is estimated based on the difference.

A method may include transforming optical responses for a fluid sample to a parameter space of a downhole tool. The optical responses are obtained using a first operational sensor and a second operational sensor of the downhole tool. Fluid models are applied in the parameter space of the downhole tool to the transformed optical responses to obtain density predictions of the fluid sample. The density predictions of the first operational sensor are matched to the density predictions of the second operational sensor based on optical parameters of the fluid models to obtain matched density predictions. A difference between the matched density predictions and measurements obtained from a densitometer is calculated, and a contamination index is estimated based on the difference.

The disclosure presents processes and methods for decomposing friction factors and generating a calibrated friction factor and adjusted input parameters. The calibrated friction factor and adjusted input parameters can be utilized by a borehole system as an input to adjust borehole operations to improve the operational efficiency. The friction factors can be decomposed by type, such as geometrical, geomechanical, mechanical, and fluid. The disclosure also presents processes and methods for identifying an outlier portion of a friction factor, as identified by a deviation threshold that can be used to identify adjustments to borehole operations in that portion of the borehole. A system is disclosed that is capable of implementing the processes and methods in a borehole operation system, such as a downhole system, a surface system, or a distant system, for example, a data center, cloud environment, lab, corporate office, or other location.

The disclosure presents processes and methods for decomposing friction factors and generating a calibrated friction factor and adjusted input parameters. The calibrated friction factor and adjusted input parameters can be utilized by a borehole system as an input to adjust borehole operations to improve the operational efficiency. The friction factors can be decomposed by type, such as geometrical, geomechanical, mechanical, and fluid. The disclosure also presents processes and methods for identifying an outlier portion of a friction factor, as identified by a deviation threshold that can be used to identify adjustments to borehole operations in that portion of the borehole. A system is disclosed that is capable of implementing the processes and methods in a borehole operation system, such as a downhole system, a surface system, or a distant system, for example, a data center, cloud environment, lab, corporate office, or other location.