A fly-eye lens group, a light source device, and a projection apparatus. The fly-eye lens group includes: a first fly-eye lens, a second fly-eye lens, and a third fly-eye lens. The first fly-eye lens is parallel to the second fly-eye lens, the first fly-eye lens is perpendicular to the third fly-eye lens, a double fly-eye structure is formed by the first fly-eye lens and the second fly-eye lens, and the third fly-eye lens and the first fly-eye lens also form a double fly-eye structure. The fly-eye lens group is used for homogenizing incident first excitation light, excited light, and second excitation light.

Disclosed are systems and methods for manufacturing energy directing systems for directing energy of multiple energy domains. Energy relays and energy waveguides are disclosed for directing energy of multiple energy domains, including electromagnetic energy, acoustic energy, and haptic energy. Systems are disclosed for projecting and sensing 4D energy-fields comprising multiple energy domains.

An illumination device includes a display panel including a first surface on which an image is displayed, a second surface opposite to the first surface, display pixels interposed between the first surface and the second surface, and a transmitting window interposed between the first surface and the second surface. The illumination device further includes a light source disposed on a side of the second surface of the display panel, and emitting light toward the second surface, and a light transmitter interposed between the light source and the display panel, and transmitting the emitted light to the transmitting window, the transmitted light being incident on the second surface of the display panel and being transmitted through the transmitting window toward the first surface of the display panel. The illumination device further includes a diffuser diffusing the light transmitted through the transmitting window.

There is provided a stacked lens structure including a first lens substrate having a first through-hole and a second lens substrate having a second-through hole. The first lens substrate may be directly bonded to the second lens substrate. The stacked lens structure may include lens resin portions, where each lens resin portion includes a lens portion configured to refract light, and a support portion configured to support the lens portion at a corresponding lens substrate, the support portion including a first portion at a side of the lens substrate, a second portion, and a third portion, where the first portion is between the lens substrate and the second portion in a cross-section view, and the third portion is between the second portion and the lens portion in the cross-section view.

An optical system that produces a digital image of a field of view, comprising: a) a sensor array of light sensors that produces an output signal indicating an intensity of light received by each light sensor; b) one or more optical elements that together project an image of the field of view onto the sensor array, including at least one sectioned optical element comprising a plurality of sections, at least two of the sections differing in one or both of size and shape, each section projecting onto the sensor array an image of only a portion of the field of view, the different sections projecting images of different portions of the field of view to non-overlapping regions of the sensor array.

A display panel and a display device. The display panel includes a plurality of pixel island regions. Each pixel island region includes effective display regions of at least two pixel units. The distance between the adjacent pixel units in each pixel island region is less than the distance between the adjacent pixel island regions.

An image sensor of the present disclosure includes a two-dimensional pixel array in which a plurality of pixels including photoelectric conversion elements are arranged in the form of an array on a substrate, a transparent layer formed on the two-dimensional pixel array, and a two-dimensional spectroscopic element array in which a plurality of spectroscopic elements are arranged in the form of an array inside or on the transparent layer. Each spectroscopic element includes a plurality of microstructures made of a material having a higher refractive index than a refractive index of the transparent layer. The plurality of microstructures have a microstructure pattern. Each of the spectroscopic elements splits incident light into first to fourth deflected lights, which have different transmission directions, according to the wavelength region. A first to fourth pixels, which are adjacent to each other and are located directly below each of the spectroscopic elements, respectively detect the first to fourth deflected lights.

The present disclosure relates to a camera package, a manufacturing method of a camera package, and an electronic device capable of reducing a manufacturing cost for forming a lens. The manufacturing method of the camera package according to the present disclosure includes forming a high-contact angle film around a lens forming region on an upper side of a transparent substrate that protects a solid-state imaging element, dropping a lens material in the lens forming region on the upper side of the transparent substrate, and molding the dropped lens material by a mold to form a lens. The present disclosure is applicable to, for example, a camera package and the like in which a lens is arranged above a solid-state imaging element.

A meta optical device is provided. The meta optical device includes an array of meta structures. Each of the meta structures includes a plurality of stacked layers at least including a first layer with a first refractive index and a second layer with a second refractive index. The first refractive index and the second refractive index are different.

A light field near eye display device including a display element, a micro-lens array, a first lens, and a second lens is provided. The display element provides an image light beam. The micro-lens array is located on a transmission path of the image light beam, and has multiple micro-lenses. The first lens is located on the transmission path of the image light beam, where the micro-lens array is located between the first lens and the display element. The second lens is located on the transmission path of the image light beam, and located between the micro-lens array and the display element. The following formulas are satisfied: $.Math.\frac{1}{f_{\mathrm{MLA}}}.Math.>.Math.\frac{1}{f_1}.Math.,$
and $.Math.\frac{1}{f_{\mathrm{MLA}}}.Math.>.Math.\frac{1}{f_2}.Math.,$
where f.sub.MLA is an equivalent focal length of the micro-lenses, f.sub.1 is an equivalent focal length o