The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display panel. The display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate, a plurality of first electrodes disposed on a side, close to the second substrate, of the first substrate and spaced apart at intervals, a first dielectric layer for planarizing the plurality of first electrodes, a second dielectric layer disposed on a side, close to the liquid crystal layer, of the first dielectric layer, a light shielding portion disposed on the side, close to the liquid crystal layer, of the second substrate, and a control circuit configured to apply a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode so that the liquid crystal layer is in a first state or a second state.

A display device includes a waveguide, an array of tunable retarders in contact with the waveguide, and a polarization selective optical element. A respective tunable retarder of the array of tunable retarders receives light from the waveguide. The respective tunable retarder has a first state, which causes the respective tunable retarder to direct light having a first polarization in a first direction and a second state, which causes the respective tunable retarder to direct light having a second polarization that is distinct from the second polarization in the first direction. The polarization selective optical element is located adjacent to the array of tunable retarders so that the light having the second polarization propagates from the polarization selective optical element in a second direction and the light having the second polarization propagates from the polarization selective optical element in a third direction distinct from the second direction.

There is provided a method for fabricating a waveguide master grating imprint tool. The method comprises: coating a substrate with at least one photoresist layer; selectively exposing a first diffraction grating master profile onto a first area of the at least one photoresist layer; selectively exposing a second diffraction grating master profile onto a second area of the at least one photoresist layer; and processing the substrate to form the first diffraction grating master profile and the second diffraction grating master profile. Each of the first diffraction grating profile and the second diffraction grating profile comprises an edge between the substrate and the respective grating profile that is substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface and each of the edges is substantially the same height as a maximum depth of the first diffraction grating master profile and the second diffraction grating master profile

Coated surfaces arranged in a stack assume a periodic formation having a sequence of segments including a first segment. The first segment has first, second, and third coated surfaces, and is repeated a set number of times to form the periodic formation. The stack is sliced to form a slice having two major external surfaces and adjacent sections each having coated surfaces from one segment between the two major external surfaces. The slice is cut to form at least one substrate from each section. Each substrate has two major surfaces and coated surfaces from a single segment of the periodic formation between the two major surfaces. In certain embodiments, the first coated surface reflects a first light color, the second coated surface transmits the first light color and reflects a second light color, and the third surface reflects a third light color and transmits the first and second light colors.

A light guide assembly includes a light guide plate and a light source. The light guide plate has a through hole, an inner sidewall that surrounds the through hole, and an outer sidewall that surrounds the inner sidewall. The inner sidewall has a halo elimination structure that faces the through hole. The outer sidewall has a light incident surface. The light source faces the light incident surface of the outer sidewall of the light guide plate.

An augmented reality (AR) display device includes a display engine configured to project light of an image, and a waveguide configured to receive and output the projected light. The display engine includes a light source unit, a reflective display panel, and a projection optical system. The projection optical system includes an iris and a projection lens group arranged between the iris and the reflective display panel. The light source unit includes a light source or a light exit end positioned near the iris in a position deviating from an optical axis of the projection optical system, such that an incident angle range of light incident to the display panel does not overlap with a reflection angle range of light reflected from the display panel. The iris includes an effective opening through which light reflected from the display panel passes.

A grating coupler may be fabricated by exposing a photopolymer layer to grating forming light for forming periodic refractive index variations in the photopolymer layer. The photopolymer layer may be exposed to apodization light for reducing an amplitude of the periodic refractive index variations in a spatially-selective manner. The apodization may also be achieved or facilitated by subjecting outer surface(s) of the photopolymer layer to a chemically reactive agent that causes the refractive index contrast to be reduced near the surface(s) of application. The apodized refractive index profile of the gratings facilitates the reduction of optical crosstalk between different gratings of the grating coupler.

A controlled light distribution element is provided comprising a lightguide medium configured for light propagation, a first functional layer configured as an optical filter layer and disposed on an at least one surface of the lightguide medium, and a second functional 5layer comprising an at least one optically functional pattern, wherein the first functional layer and the second functional layer are rendered with an at least one optical function related to incident light and, in particular, to light incident at an angle equal and/or below the critical angle.

The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display panel. The display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate, a plurality of first electrodes disposed on a side, close to the second substrate, of the first substrate and spaced apart at intervals, a first dielectric layer for planarizing the plurality of first electrodes, a second dielectric layer disposed on a side, close to the liquid crystal layer, of the first dielectric layer, a light shielding portion disposed on the side, close to the liquid crystal layer, of the second substrate, and a control circuit configured to apply a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode so that the liquid crystal layer is in a first state or a second state.

The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display panel. The display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate, a plurality of first electrodes disposed on a side, close to the second substrate, of the first substrate and spaced apart at intervals, a first dielectric layer for planarizing the plurality of first electrodes, a second dielectric layer disposed on a side, close to the liquid crystal layer, of the first dielectric layer, a light shielding portion disposed on the side, close to the liquid crystal layer, of the second substrate, and a control circuit configured to apply a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode so that the liquid crystal layer is in a first state or a second state.