Actuators for rotating or tilting an optical element, for example an optical path folding element, comprising a voice coil motor (VCM) and a curved ball-guided mechanism operative to create a rotation or tilt movement of the optical element around a rotation axis upon actuation by the VCM. In some embodiments, an actuator includes two, first and second VCMs, and two curved ball-guided mechanisms operative to create rotation or tilt around respective first and second rotation axes.

A multi-axis MEMS assembly includes: a micro-electrical-mechanical system (MEMS) actuator configured to provide linear three-axis movement; and an optoelectronic device coupled to the micro-electrical-mechanical system (MEMS) actuator.

A method for adjusting an optical system is provided, including a positioning device positioning a first optical module; a measuring device measuring an angular difference between a main axis of the first optical module and an optical axis of an optical element sustained by the first optical module to obtain a measurement information; an adjusting device changing the shape of an adjustment assembly of the first optical module according to the measurement information; and assembling the first optical module with an optical object, wherein the optical axis of the optical element is parallel to a central axis of the optical object.

A lens includes a cover part and a light-shielding part. The cover part includes a lens part, a connection part extending downward from lateral sides of the lens part, and one or more flange parts each extending outward from a lower-end portion of the connection part. The lens part and the connection part define a recess having an opening facing downward. The flange parts extend outward from a periphery of the opening of the recess. The lens part, the flange parts, and the connection part are formed of a thermosetting first resin and continuous to one another. The light-shielding part covers outer lateral surface of the connection part and is formed of a thermosetting second resin having a greater light-absorptance or a greater light-reflectance than the thermosetting first resin. The flange parts have a greater thickness than the connection part.

A method for ascertaining an alignment of a lens system. The method include: aligning the lens system according to a provided first alignment; ascertaining a first refracted optical signal, the first refracted optical signal being ascertained by a refraction of a first emitted optical signal at the lens system (aligned according to the first alignment; ascertaining a first attribute value, the first attribute value characterizing an attribute of the first refracted optical signal; training a first machine learning system as a function of the first alignment and the ascertained first attribute value, the machine learning system being designed to ascertain an output for an alignment that characterizes the attribute of the alignment; ascertaining the alignment of the lens system based on an output of the first machine learning system.

Provided is an optical axis alignment apparatus of a camera module including a chart unit, a substrate alignment unit, an optical axis alignment unit and a control unit, and wherein the control unit calculates a principal point of the images for optical axis alignment by using the acquired plurality of images for optical axis alignment, and controls the substrate alignment unit or the optical axis alignment unit such that a center of the image sensor is located coaxially with the calculated principal point.

There is described herein a diffuser assembly comprising a leaf spring, diffuser and at least one actuator. The leaf spring is arranged as a rectangular frame having a width, x, and height, y. The diffuser is suspended by the frame such as within the frame. The at least one actuator arranged to move, such as translate, the diffuser. The assembly is arranged such that the leaf spring provides in-plane (x-y plane) stiffness, k.sub.x and k.sub.y, less than the out-of-plane (z-direction) stiffness, k.sub.z.

There is described herein a diffuser assembly comprising a leaf spring, diffuser and at least one actuator. The leaf spring is arranged as a rectangular frame having a width, x, and height, y. The diffuser is suspended by the frame such as within the frame. The at least one actuator arranged to move, such as translate, the diffuser. The assembly is arranged such that the leaf spring provides in-plane (x-y plane) stiffness, k.sub.x and k.sub.y, less than the out-of-plane (z-direction) stiffness, k.sub.z.

A lens includes a cover part and a light-shielding part. The cover part includes a lens part, a connection part, and a plurality of flange parts, formed with a thermosetting first resin and continuous to one another. The light-shielding part covers lateral end surfaces and an upper surface of each of the flange parts and outer lateral sides of the connection part and formed with a thermosetting second resin having a greater light-absorptance or a greater light-reflectance than the thermosetting first resin.

A lens apparatus includes an optical element, a fixed member, a movable member configured to hold the optical element and movable in an optical axis direction relative to the fixed member, a guide member configured to guide a movement of the movable member in an optical axis direction, a first support member and a second support member spaced from each other in the optical axis direction, a pair of rotating elements held by the first support member and the second support member, respectively, and a biasing member configured to bias the pair of rotating elements and the guide member into contact with each other. The first support member and the second support member are fixed to one of the movable member and the fixed member. The guide member is fixed to the other of the movable member and the fixed member.