A lens assembly includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens and a fifth lens are arranged in order from an object side to an image side along an optical axis. The first lens has positive refractive power and includes a convex surface facing the object side and a concave surface facing the image side. The second lens has negative refractive power. The third lens has positive refractive power and includes a convex surface facing the object side. The fourth lens has positive refractive power. The fifth lens has negative refractive power and includes a concave surface facing the image side. The lens assembly satisfies 5<(R.sub.11+R.sub.12)/(R.sub.21+R.sub.22)<15.

A visual display assembly useful as an authentication or anti-counterfeiting element. The assembly includes a substrate and, on a surface of the substrate, an array of micro mirrors receiving ambient light. Each mirror includes a reflective surface to reflect the ambient light so as to display an image that appears to float in a plane, which is spaced a distance apart from the surface of the substrate. The image includes a plurality of pixels, and the array of micro mirrors includes for each of the pixels a set of the micro mirrors each having a reflective surface oriented to reflect the ambient light toward a point on the plane corresponding to one of the pixels. Each of the sets of the micro mirrors includes a plurality of the micro mirrors, and the reflected ambient light each set of micro mirrors intersects to illuminate or write a pixel of an image.

A mirror structure permitting an undistorted view of the blind spots of a vehicle include a first lens module and a second lens module. The first lens module is mounted on an A-pillar of a vehicle and located outside of the vehicle; the second lens module is opposite the first lens module and mounted inside of the vehicle on the A-pillar. The first lens module focuses light beams which would otherwise be blocked by the A-pillar of the vehicle and transmits the light beams to a front windshield of the vehicle, the light beam passing through the front windshield to reach the second lens module, the second lens module diffusing the light beams into the vision of a driver.

Provided are a mask inspection apparatus and a mask inspection method that can prevent a reduction in a reflectance of a drop-in mirror, which is caused by carbon contaminants. A mask inspection apparatus according to the present invention includes a drop-in mirror including multi-layer film and a reflective surface. The drop-in mirror is configured to reflect illumination light incident on the reflective surface and illuminate the mask. An area of the reflective surface is configured to be greater than an area of an illuminated spot irradiated with the illumination light on the reflective surface. The drop-in mirror is configured to be movable. A position of the illuminated spot on the reflective surface is configured to be moved when the drop-in mirror is moved.

A front projection display device is provided including an image-generating source configured to generate an image, a wide angle lens system adapted to receive the image, and a screen. The wide angle lens system may be configured to increase distortion of the image in a first stage and decrease distortion of the image in a second stage. The screen may be configured to receive the image from the wide angle lens system on a first side and reflect the image back to a viewer on the first side. In another embodiment, a screen is provided for a front projection system, the screen may be configured to receive light from a steep angle and may include any number of surface topographies configured to reflect light back to the viewer along a desired viewing plane.

An optical receiver includes a photonic integrator configured to accumulate optical signal energy corresponding to the input optical signal during an integration period, and to produce an output optical signal at an end of the integration period, the output optical signal having a higher intensity than the input optical signal, a shutter operable between a closed position and an open position, the shutter configured to prevent the output optical signal from exiting the photonic integrator when in the closed position and to allow the output optical signal to exit the photonic integrator when in the open position, a synchronizer coupled to the shutter and configured to control the shutter between the open position and the closed position; and a photodetector configured to receive the output optical signal when the shutter is in the open position and to produce an electrical signal corresponding to the output optical signal.

An optical isolator for use with high power, collimated laser radiation includes an input polarizing optical element, at least one Faraday optical element, at least two reflective optical elements for reflecting laser radiation to provide an even number of passes through said at least one Faraday optical element, at least one reciprocal polarization altering optical element, an output polarizing optical element, at least one light redirecting element for remotely dissipating isolated or lost laser radiation. The isolator also includes at least one magnetic structure capable of generating a uniform magnetic field within the Faraday optical element which is aligned to the path of the collimated laser radiation and a mechanical structure for holding said optical elements to provide thermal gradients that are aligned to the path of the collimated laser radiation and that provide thermal and mechanical isolation between the magnetic structure and the optical elements.

A catadioptric projection objective has a first objective part, defining a first part of the optical axis and imaging an object field to form a first real intermediate image. It also has a second, catadioptric objective part forming a second real intermediate image using the radiation from the first objective part. The second objective part has a concave mirror and defines a second part of the optical axis. A third objective part images the second real intermediate image into the image plane and defines a third part of the optical axis. Folding mirrors deflect the radiation from the object plane towards the concave mirror; and deflect the radiation from the concave mirror towards the image plane. The first part of the optical axis defined by the first objective part is laterally offset from and aligned parallel with the third part of the optical axis.

Disclosed is a method to modify the electrical conductivity of an organic and/or molecular material including the steps of providing a reflective or photonic structure and of placing the organic and/or molecular material in or on the structure. The method also includes providing a structure (1) which has an electromagnetic mode which is by design, or can be made by way of adjustment or tuning, resonant with a transition in the organic and/or molecular material (2) and controlling, in particular enhancing, the mobility of the charge carriers, and thus the electrical current, in the organic and/or molecular material (2), by way of strongly coupling the material (2) to the local electromagnetic vacuum field and exploiting the formation of extended macroscopic states in the material.

The invention discloses a three-piece optical lens for capturing image and a three-piece optical module for capturing image, which include, along the optical axis in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens with positive refractive power having an object-side surface which can be convex; a second lens with refractive power; a third lens with refractive power; two surfaces of each of the three lenses can be both aspheric. The third lens can have positive refractive power, wherein an image-side surface thereof can be concave, and both surfaces thereof are aspheric; at least one surface of the third lens has an inflection point. The optical lens can increase aperture value and improve the imagining quality for use in compact cameras.