A spectral feature selection apparatus includes a dispersive optical element arranged to interact with a pulsed light beam; three or more refractive optical elements arranged in a path of the pulsed light beam between the dispersive optical element and a pulsed optical source; and one or more actuation systems, each actuation system associated with a refractive optical element and configured to rotate the associated refractive optical element to thereby adjust a spectral feature of the pulsed light beam. At least one of the actuation systems is a rapid actuation system that includes a rapid actuator configured to rotate its associated refractive optical element about a rotation axis. The rapid actuator includes a rotary stepper motor having a rotation shaft that rotates about a shaft axis that is parallel with the rotation axis of the associated refractive optical element.

A transportation method for transporting an object including a plurality of Fabry-Perot interference filters, the transportation method including a first step of accommodating the object in an accommodating container, wherein the Fabry-Perot interference filter includes a substrate, a first mirror portion and a second mirror portion provided on the substrate to face each other via a gap and in which a distance from each other is variable, and in the first step, the object is accommodated and supported in the accommodating container in a state where the plurality of Fabry-Perot interference filters is two-dimensionally arranged.

A transportation method for transporting an object including a plurality of Fabry-Perot interference filters, the transportation method including a first step of accommodating the object in an accommodating container, wherein the Fabry-Perot interference filter includes a substrate, a first mirror portion and a second mirror portion provided on the substrate to face each other via a gap and in which a distance from each other is variable, and in the first step, the object is accommodated and supported in the accommodating container in a state where the plurality of Fabry-Perot interference filters is two-dimensionally arranged.

According to one aspect of the presently disclosed subject there is provided a device configured figured to allow illumination of light towards a tunable filter, each time towards a different portion thereof, and detect the optical response, (e.g., transmission or reflection from the portion that is illuminated with light). By detecting optical response of isolated illuminations towards different portions of the tunable filter each time, the state of the tunable filter at the illuminated portion, e.g. the optical gap between a movable member and a stationary member of the tunable filter, can be determined. By monitoring different portions of the tunable filter, the general state of the tunable filter is determined. For example, the general state of the tunable filter may be determined based on the optical gaps at different portions of the tunable filter while the actuation parameters are maintained unchanged.

A liquid lens can include a cavity between first and second windows, first and second liquids in the cavity, and a variable interface between the liquids, thereby forming a variable lens. The liquid lens can be operable to adjust a shape of the variable interface at an operating temperature less than a melting point of the first liquid. A liquid composition of the first liquid can include at least 65 wt. % water, at most 31 wt. % of a freezing point reducing agent, at most 20 wt. % of an alkali metal salt, a melting point of greater than or equal to −10° C., a viscosity of at most 1.3 cSt, measured at a temperature of 20° C., a refractive index, measured at a wavelength of 589.3 nm, of at most 1.4, and/or an Abbe number of at least 45. A volume of the cavity can be at most 10 μL.

The invention provides an arrangement (1) comprising a device (1000), wherein the device (1000) comprises a luminescent material comprising element (100) and a light transmissive element (200), wherein: (a) the device (1000) has a first device axis (A1); (b) the luminescent material comprising element (100) comprises a luminescent material (110) configured to emit luminescent material light (111) upon irradiation with first light (11), wherein the luminescent material comprising element (100) has a first length (L1) and a characteristic first dimension (D1) perpendicular to the first length (L1), wherein D1/L1<1; wherein the luminescent material comprising element (100) is configured at a non-zero first distance (r1) from the first device axis (A1), and wherein the luminescent material comprising element (100) at least partly surrounds the first device axis (A1); (c) the light transmissive element (200) is transmissive for the first light (11), wherein the light transmissive element (200) comprises a element light entrance part (201 and an element light escape part (202), wherein the element light escape part (202) and the luminescent material (110) are radiationally coupled; wherein one or more of the following applies: (i) the first device axis (A1) intersects the light transmissive element (200), and (ii) the light transmissive element (200) at least partly surrounds the first device axis (A1); and (d) the luminescent material comprising element (100) is in thermal contact with one or more of (a) the light transmissive element (200) and (b) an optional thermally conductive element (300).

Provided is an electronic image device, which includes a barrel-shaped container, a conductive liquid, an insulating liquid, an electronic image element, a light-transmissive window, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a voltage source. The conductive liquid and the insulating liquid have the same density and different optical refractive indices, are immiscible with each other, and are filled into the barrel-shaped container. The electronic image element is disposed at a first end of the barrel-shaped container and in contact with the conductive liquid. The light-transmissive window is disposed at a second end of the barrel-shaped container and in contact with the insulating liquid. The first electrode is in contact with the conductive liquid and the second electrode forms a capacitive coupling with the conductive liquid. A variable voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode.

A luminophore having the general empirical formula X′.sub.1−xA′.sub.y(Al.sub.1+zA′.sub.3−z) O.sub.4:E′ that crystallizes in a tetragonal crystal system. X′ may be Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and combinations thereof; A′ may be Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and combinations thereof; E′ may be Eu, Ce, Yb, Mn, and combinations thereof; 0<x<0.25; y≤x; and z=0.5(2x−y).

An electronic device includes a lens, an image sensor configured to generate image data from incident light that is incident through the lens, an actuator configured to drive the lens, at least one processor configured to output a first signal including lens driving information for controlling the actuator to drive the lens, a first interface configured to present, by the at least one processor, the first signal to the actuator, and a second interface configured to present, by the at least one processor, the first signal to the image sensor.

A color wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a basic fluorescent body having a basic light-emitting wavelength; and at least one modified fluorescent body having at least one light-emitting wavelength different from the basic light-emitting wavelength, wherein the basic fluorescent body comprises Y.sub.3Al.sub.5O.sub.12 and the modified fluorescent body comprises Y.sub.3(Ga.sub.xAl.sub.(1-x)).sub.5O.sub.12:Ce in which gallium is doped on the basic fluorescent body