The present disclosure is directed to lens, methods of making, designing lens and/or methods using lens in which performance may be improved by providing one or more steps in the central portion of the optical zone and one or more steps in the peripheral portion of the optic zone. In some embodiments, such lens may be useful for correcting refractive error of an eye and/or for controlling eye growth.

A lens includes: a substrate that includes a diffraction region where a plurality of protruding strips are coaxially and alternately formed. The diffraction region includes a first diffraction region and a second diffraction region that is located in at least a part of a region different from the first diffraction region. The second diffraction region includes: groove spaces lying between adjacent ones of the protruding strips with one another; and a communication space communicating between adjacent ones of the groove spaces with one another.

Provided are an active energy ray-curable composition which has a low viscosity suitable for coating and also exhibits a high refractive index in terms of a cured product thereof, a cured product thereof, and a plastic lens. The active energy ray-curable composition contains a phenylbenzyl (meth)acrylate (A) and a bicarbazole compound (B) represented by the following structural formula (1) (in the formula, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each independently represent a photopolymerizable functional group, a structural moiety having a photopolymerizable functional group, or a hydrogen atom, provided that at least one of X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 represents a photopolymerizable functional group or a structural moiety having a photopolymerizable functional group; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a bromine atom, or a chlorine atom). ##STR00001##

Provided are an active energy ray-curable composition which has a low viscosity suitable for coating and also exhibits a high refractive index in terms of a cured product thereof, a cured product thereof, and a plastic lens. The active energy ray-curable composition contains a phenylbenzyl (meth)acrylate (A) and a bicarbazole compound (B) represented by the following structural formula (1) (in the formula, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each independently represent a photopolymerizable functional group, a structural moiety having a photopolymerizable functional group, or a hydrogen atom, provided that at least one of X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 represents a photopolymerizable functional group or a structural moiety having a photopolymerizable functional group; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a bromine atom, or a chlorine atom). ##STR00001##

An image creation device includes: a storage unit in which target scene three-dimensional information related to a position, a shape and optical characteristics of a structural object present in a virtual target scene, eyeglass lens three-dimensional information related to a position, a shape and optical characteristics of an eyeglass lens and eyeball three-dimensional information related to a position, a shape and optical characteristics of an eye of a wearer viewing the target scene through the eyeglass lens used as a virtual lens; and a retina image creation unit that creates a retina image based upon the target scene three-dimensional information, the eyeglass lens three-dimensional information and the eyeball three-dimensional information, wherein: the retina image is a virtual image projected onto a retina of the eye of the wearer viewing the target scene through the eyeglass lens.

An image creation device includes: a storage unit in which target scene three-dimensional information related to a position, a shape and optical characteristics of a structural object present in a virtual target scene, eyeglass lens three-dimensional information related to a position, a shape and optical characteristics of an eyeglass lens and eyeball three-dimensional information related to a position, a shape and optical characteristics of an eye of a wearer viewing the target scene through the eyeglass lens used as a virtual lens; and a retina image creation unit that creates a retina image based upon the target scene three-dimensional information, the eyeglass lens three-dimensional information and the eyeball three-dimensional information, wherein: the retina image is a virtual image projected onto a retina of the eye of the wearer viewing the target scene through the eyeglass lens.

An electrically controlled spectacle includes a spectacle frame and optoelectronic lenses housed in the frame. The lenses include a left lens and a right lens, each of the optoelectrical lenses having a plurality of states, wherein the state of the left lens is independent of the state of the right lens. The electrically controlled spectacle also includes a control unit housed in the frame, the control unit being adapted to control the state of each of the lenses independently.

An electrically controlled spectacle includes a spectacle frame and optoelectronic lenses housed in the frame. The lenses include a left lens and a right lens, each of the optoelectrical lenses having a plurality of states, wherein the state of the left lens is independent of the state of the right lens. The electrically controlled spectacle also includes a control unit housed in the frame, the control unit being adapted to control the state of each of the lenses independently.

Digital eyewear for monitoring, detecting, and predicting, preventing, treating, and training patients to conduct self-care, of migraines/photophobia in real-time. Digital eyewear for similar activity, with respect to negative visual effects, such as from changes in lighting conditions. Digital eyewear maintains information about progress of migraines/photophobia for each patient individually and collectively. Digital eyewear determines whether migraines/photophobia are likely or occurring. Digital eyewear ameliorates and treats migraines/photophobia. Digital eyewear trains the patient to self-care re migraines/photophobia. Digital eyewear receives information from patient and ambient sensors, maintains history of migraines/photophobia and amelioration/treatment, and determines correlations. Patient sensors receive information about patient status. Ambient sensors receive information about ambient environment near the patient. Digital eyewear presents augmented reality and sensory inputs to ameliorate/treat migraines/photophobia, and rewards improvements in self-care. Digital eyewear communicates with remotely maintained and updated data repositories and remote treatment servers, and in coordination with other instances of digital eyewear.

Digital eyewear for monitoring, detecting, and predicting, preventing, treating, and training patients to conduct self-care, of migraines/photophobia in real-time. Digital eyewear for similar activity, with respect to negative visual effects, such as from changes in lighting conditions. Digital eyewear maintains information about progress of migraines/photophobia for each patient individually and collectively. Digital eyewear determines whether migraines/photophobia are likely or occurring. Digital eyewear ameliorates and treats migraines/photophobia. Digital eyewear trains the patient to self-care re migraines/photophobia. Digital eyewear receives information from patient and ambient sensors, maintains history of migraines/photophobia and amelioration/treatment, and determines correlations. Patient sensors receive information about patient status. Ambient sensors receive information about ambient environment near the patient. Digital eyewear presents augmented reality and sensory inputs to ameliorate/treat migraines/photophobia, and rewards improvements in self-care. Digital eyewear communicates with remotely maintained and updated data repositories and remote treatment servers, and in coordination with other instances of digital eyewear.