A display device including a display panel, and a backlight unit configured to provide light to the display panel are discussed. The backlight unit can include a light emitting section including a plurality of light emitting devices disposed on a substrate, and a light source protection layer disposed on the plurality of light emitting devices, a light conversion sheet having a plurality of light conversion patterns disposed in positions corresponding to the plurality of light emitting devices, respectively, a phosphor film disposed on the light conversion sheet, and at least one reflector including a plurality of holes on the substrate. An air gap is disposed between a top surface of the at least one reflector and a bottom surface of the light conversion sheet.

The display device includes: a display panel; a first circuit board having a first portion connected to one portion of the display panel and comprising a connector; and a second circuit board electrically connected to the first circuit board through the connector, wherein the first portion includes a base film, a dummy pad disposed on the base film, and a first solder mask partially covering the dummy pad and exposing a portion of the dummy pad, the dummy pad includes a covered region covered by the first solder mask and an exposed region exposed by the first solder mask, and a solder ball, The exposed region of the dummy pad is connected to the connector through a solder ball.

A device, such as an electroabsorption modulator, can modulate a light intensity by controllably absorbing a selectable fraction of the light. The device can include a substrate. A waveguide positioned on the substrate can guide light. An active region positioned on the waveguide can receive guided light from the waveguide, absorb a fraction of the received light, and return a complementary fraction of the received light to the waveguide. Such absorption produces heat, mostly at an input portion of the active region. The input portion of the active region can be thermally coupled to the substrate, which can dissipate heat from the input portion, and can help avoid thermal runaway of the device. The active region can be thermally isolated from the substrate away from the input portion, which can maintain a relatively low thermal mass for the active region, and can increase efficiency when heating the active region.

A liquid crystal display includes: a liquid crystal panel of a vertical alignment (VA) type; first and second TAC (triacetyl cellulose) films which sandwich the liquid crystal panel; first and second retardation plates which sandwich the first and second TAC films; and first and second polarizers which sandwich the first and second retardation plates. The first and second polarizers include first and second absorption axes, respectively, which are substantially perpendicular to each other. The first and second retardation plates include first and second slow axes, respectively, which are substantially perpendicular to each other. The first and second slow axes intersect at about 45° with the first and second absorption axes, respectively.

A backlight module includes: a back plate; an optical film disposed on the back plate; and a support module disposed on the back plate and between the back plate and the optical film, wherein the support module includes a base, and an elasticity coefficient of the base is greater than or equal to 0.4 kgf/mm and smaller than or equal to 0.6 kgf/mm.

The invention relates to a display device comprising a display plane, on which one or more planar display regions 10, 11 are arranged, said planar regions 10, 11 being covered by transparent coverings. A single transparent covering 3 covers all the planar display regions 10, 11 of the display device, is formed three-dimensionally on the viewer's side by regions of differing thicknesses and is connected on the side facing away from the viewer to the planar display regions 10, 11 by means of optical bonding. The refractive index of the material of the covering 3 corresponds to the refractive index of the optical-bonding material 8.

An object of the present invention is to provide an optical film which has thermochromic properties that a near-infrared light shielding ratio can be controlled according to temperature environment and which has a low haze and has excellent crack resistance and adhesiveness even when the optical film is used over a long period of time, and a method for producing the same. In the optical film, an optical functional layer has a sea-island structure including a sea region formed by a binder resin and island regions formed by vanadium-dioxide-containing fine particles, a number average particle diameter of total particles including primary particles and secondary particles of the vanadium-dioxide-containing fine particles is 200 nm or less, an average value of a closest wall-to-wall distance between the island regions is in a range of 1 to 1,000 nm, and the number of the island regions having the closest wall-to-wall distance of 1,100 nm or more is 10% by number or less with respect to the total number of the island regions.

Disclosed herein are various improvements in optical switching engines. In one aspect, a range of switching engines includes various multiple bounce, multiple image devices, such as, for example, the Herriott Cell and the Robert Cell. In another aspect, liquid crystal spatial light modulators (SLMs) are used in the switching engine of an optical cross-connect. In another aspect, polarization gratings (PGs) are used in the switching engine. In another aspect, a switching engine includes a Fourier cell using SLMs with more than two states. Alternative imaging optics in a Fourier cell implementing a multiple-bounce, multiple image device are also disclosed.

A window control system is provided that includes a plurality of electro-optic windows each having a variable transmittance level, a portable control unit for generating wireless control signals for controlling the transmittance level of the electro-optic windows, and a plurality of window control circuits each coupled to a respective one of the electro-optic windows and each having a transceiver for receiving the wireless control signals from the portable control unit. Each window control circuit is configured to adjust the transmittance level of the respective one of the electro-optic windows in response to a wireless control signal received by the transceiver from the portable control unit.

The present invention relates to polymer stabilized nematic liquid crystal microlenses. The microlenses can be made from a nematic liquid crystal, a chiral dopant, a reactive monomer, and a photoinitiator. The microlenses can be prepared by spin coating a liquid crystal mixture onto an array including a nickel transmission electron microscope grid. The focal length of the microlens array can be tuned electrically.