An optical device includes a modulator and a tap coupler. The modulator includes an optical waveguide that is formed of a thin-film lithium niobate (LN) substrate and through which light passes, and an electrode that applies voltage to the optical waveguide, and modulates a phase of light that passes through the optical waveguide in accordance with an electric field in the optical waveguide, where the electric field corresponds to the voltage. The tap coupler includes at least a part formed of the thin-film LN substrate, and splits a part of the light that passes through an inside of the optical waveguide. The tap coupler includes a delayed interferometer that splits a part of the light that passes through the optical waveguide, at a split ratio corresponding to a phase difference of light that passes through an inside of the tap coupler from the optical waveguide.

A paramagnetic garnet-type transparent ceramic characterized by being a sintered body of a terbium-containing composite oxide represented by formula (1) in which the linear transmittance at a wavelength of 1,064 nm at an optical path length of 15 mm is 83% or higher.
(Tb.sub.1-x-ySc.sub.xCe.sub.y).sub.3(Al.sub.1-zSc.sub.z).sub.5O.sub.12  (1)
(In the formula, 0<x<0.08, 0≤y≤0.01, 0.004<z<0.16.)

An optical element is switchable between a first state having a first focal length and a second state having a second focal length. The optical element includes a first electrode layer, an insulation layer, a resistance layer, a liquid crystal layer, and a second electrode layer, which are arranged in order. An electric resistance ratio of the resistance layer increases from a central part to a peripheral part.

Optical devices and their fabrication from thin film lithium niobate are provided. In some embodiments, an optical device includes a substrate and an optical waveguide disposed on the substrate. The optical waveguide comprises lithium niobate. The optical waveguide has a central ridge extending laterally along the substrate. A pair of electrodes is disposed on opposite sides of the central ridge of the optical waveguide.

Coherent optical multiplexing 1+1 protection disclosed herein uses multiplexers, each having multiplexing and demultiplexing sub-units. Relay ports of a node are connected with the multiplexers, and each relay port is configured to input and output optical signals with the corresponding multiplexer. Two transmission ports of the node are connected with disjoint paths and are configured to input and output optical signals therewith. The node includes: a first optical splitter having input ports connected with the relay ports and two output ports connected with the two transmission ports; an optical switch connected with the transmission ports respectively via two input interfaces; a second optical splitter, which is a 1×N optical splitter, having one input port connected with an output interface of the optical switch and having output ports connected with the relay ports. The solution is reliable in implementation, has low insertion loss, and has good transmission performance.

A polymer film is provided, the polymer film comprises a liquid crystal polymer, comprising a soluble liquid crystal polymer and an insoluble liquid crystal polymer; and a polyimide polymer, accounting for 5 wt % or more of the polymer film. A method for manufacturing the polymer film is also provided, the method for manufacturing the polymer film comprises steps: providing a liquid crystal polymer powder, a particle size of the liquid crystal polymer powder is 0.1 um to 20 um; providing a liquid crystal polymer glue, a solid content of which is greater than 3 wt %; providing a polyamic acid glue; mixing the liquid crystal polymer powder, the liquid crystal polymer glue and the polyamic acid glue into a mixed solution, the mixed solution is made into a gel film, and the gel film is baked at a temperature of 300° C. to form a polymer film.

Embodiments of synthetic garnet materials having advantageous properties, especially for below resonance frequency applications, are disclosed herein. In particular, embodiments of the synthetic garnet materials can have high Curie temperatures and dielectric constants while maintaining low magnetization. These materials can be incorporated into isolators and circulators, such as for use in telecommunication base stations.

A porous liquid crystal polymer sheet and a wiring circuit board have excellent handleability and excellent low repulsive properties. The porous liquid crystal polymer sheet 1 has a porosity P of 20% or more and 90% or less. The porous liquid crystal polymer sheet 1 has a thickness T of 1 μm or more and 240 μm or less.

Systems and methods for affecting spin qubits. In a resonator, an optical field is generated using photons. The optical field causes a stress field to form in the resonator as portions of the resonator oscillates. These oscillations, tunable using lasers and/or injection locking, drive spin transitions to thereby affect the population of specific NV spin qubits present in the resonator.

A display device and a display method are provided. The display device includes a display mechanism and a motion mechanism. The display mechanism includes a plurality of first display groups, a plurality of second display groups, and a plurality of third display groups arranged along a first direction. The motion mechanism is respectively connected to the first display groups, the second display groups, and the third display groups, and is configured to guide the first display groups, the second display groups, the third display groups to move along the first direction.