Methods and apparatus for tuning a photonics-based component. An opto-electrical detector is configured to output an electrical signal based on a measurement of light intensity of the photonics-based component, the light intensity being proportional to an amount of detuning of the photonics-based component. Analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) circuitry is configured to output a digital signal based on the electrical signal output from the opto-electrical detector. Feedback control circuitry is configured to tune the photonics-based component based, at least in part, on the digital signal output from the ADC circuitry.

A controllable opto-electronic time stretcher comprising a first wave guide and a second waveguide coupled to the first waveguide along a coupling portion; wherein at least one of the first and second waveguides in the coupling portion has a controllable refractive index.

A controllable opto-electronic time stretcher comprising a first wave guide and a second waveguide coupled to the first waveguide along a coupling portion; wherein at least one of the first and second waveguides in the coupling portion has a controllable refractive index.

A voltage-mode integrate-and-dump photonic ADC front-end circuit includes a current integrator for immediately integrating current pulses onto a capacitor voltage, the current pulses converted by photodetectors from optical data pulses corresponding to a received analog input signal. The circuit may include dampeners for reducing voltage ringing and resulting intersymbol interference (ISI) to preserve SNR at high data rates. The integrating capacitor may be discharged by a reset switch based on clock signals generated by a master clock; the reset switch may include a pulse width controller enabling the integrating capacitor to track and hold the integrated voltage, rather than downstream sample-and-hold amplifiers. Quantizers and other signal processors generate digital signal output by sampling and digitizing the integrated voltage output of the current integrator.

A voltage-mode integrate-and-dump photonic ADC front-end circuit includes a current integrator for immediately integrating current pulses onto a capacitor voltage, the current pulses converted by photodetectors from optical data pulses corresponding to a received analog input signal. The circuit may include dampeners for reducing voltage ringing and resulting intersymbol interference (ISI) to preserve SNR at high data rates. The integrating capacitor may be discharged by a reset switch based on clock signals generated by a master clock; the reset switch may include a pulse width controller enabling the integrating capacitor to track and hold the integrated voltage, rather than downstream sample-and-hold amplifiers. Quantizers and other signal processors generate digital signal output by sampling and digitizing the integrated voltage output of the current integrator.

A liquid crystal display device, which comprises: a backlight source (1); a first handedness cholesteric liquid crystal film layer (2), located at an upper side of the backlight source (1) as a light emitting surface; an array substrate (3), located at an upper side of the first handedness cholesteric liquid crystal film layer (2); a color filter substrate (5), located at an upper side of the array substrate (3); and a second handedness cholesteric liquid crystal layer (4), sandwiched between the array substrate (3) and the color filter substrate (5), the first handedness being opposite to the second handedness. The liquid crystal display device greatly improves light efficiency and transmittance of the display and saves the processing steps and manufacturing costs.

The present embodiments provide an analog to digital converter, including a beam splitter, M photodetectors, M amplifier modules, and an encoder. Each output end of the beam splitter is corresponding to an input end of a photodetector, an output end of each photodetector is connected to an input end of an amplifier module, and an output end of each amplifier module is connected to an input end of the encoder. The beam splitter splits an inputted analog optical signal into M optical signals, outputs each optical signal to a corresponding photodetector to convert each optical signal into a current signal, inputs each current signal to a corresponding amplifier module to generate an output voltage, and outputs the output voltage to a corresponding input end of the encoder.

A system for converting digital data into a modulated optical signal, comprises an electrically controllable device having M actuating electrodes. The device provides an optical signal that is modulated in response to binary voltages applied to the actuating electrodes. The system also comprises a digital-to-digital converter that provides a mapping of input data words to binary actuation vectors of M bits and supplies the binary actuation vectors as M bits of binary actuation voltages to the M actuating electrodes, where M is larger than the number of bits in each input data word. The digital-to-digital converter is enabled to map each digital input data word to a binary actuation vector by selecting a binary actuation vector from a subset of binary actuation vectors available to represent each of the input data words.

In a system for converting digital data into a modulated optical signal, an electrically controllable device, including a modulator having one or more actuating electrodes, provides an analog-modulated optical signal that is modulated in response to output data bits of a digital-to-digital mapping. A digital-to-digital conversion provides the mapping of input data words to the output data bits. The mapping enables adjustments to correct for non-linearities and other undesirable characteristics, thereby improving signal quality.

In a system for converting digital data into a modulated optical signal, an electrically controllable device, including a modulator having one or more actuating electrodes, provides an analog-modulated optical signal that is modulated in response to output data bits of a digital-to-digital mapping. A digital-to-digital conversion provides the mapping of input data words to the output data bits. The mapping enables adjustments to correct for non-linearities and other undesirable characteristics, thereby improving signal quality.