A device for reducing laser speckle using a micro scanner and a holographic diffuser. The micro scanner includes a first transparent optical substrate with an input surface and an output surface and a second transparent optical substrate with an input surface and an output surface and a variable refractive index medium sandwiched between the output surface of the first substrate and the input surface of the second substrate. Transparent electrodes are applied to the output surface of the first substrate and the input surface of the second substrate. The electrodes are coupled to a voltage generator. The input surface of the first substrate is optically coupled to a laser source. The input surface of the second substrate is configured as an array of prismatic elements. At least one of the input surface of the first substrate or the output surfaces of the second substrate is planar.

A liquid crystal device includes a reflection-type liquid crystal panel in which a first substrate provided with a reflective layer and a second substrate having light-transmissivity face each other via a liquid crystal layer. In the liquid crystal device, a λ/4 phase difference plate is arranged in an optical path in which light incident from the second substrate side is reflected by the reflective layer and emitted from the second substrate side, and a phase difference compensation layer such as a C plate and O plate provided integrally with the liquid crystal panel is provided in the optical path. The λ/4 phase difference plate is an inorganic material film provided on a second end surface facing the second substrate in the polarized light separating element. The phase difference compensation layer is an inorganic material film provided on a surface of the second substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer.

An electro-optical device includes a first substrate, a second substrate bonded to the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, a third substrate provided on an opposite side of the first substrate from the liquid crystal layer, and a frame configured to house the first substrate, the second substrate, and the third substrate. The frame includes a facing surface facing, via an adhesive layer, a first surface on an opposite side of the third substrate from the liquid crystal layer. The third substrate is larger than the first substrate. The frame and only the third substrate among the first substrate, the second substrate, and the third substrate are bonded to each other.

A liquid crystal apparatus includes a liquid crystal layer, a pixel electrode provided in a display region and configured to be supplied with an image signal at a first frequency, and a first electrode provided in a region outside the display region and configured to be alternately supplied with a positive polarity potential with a potential higher than a predetermined potential and a negative polarity potential with a potential lower than the predetermined potential at a second frequency lower than the first frequency such that a positive polarity period in which the positive polarity potential is supplied and a negative polarity period in which the negative polarity potential is supplied have a same length.

A light-emitting device includes a substrate, a laminated structure provided at the substrate, and a conductive layer provided at the laminated structure and configured to apply an electric current to the laminated structure. The laminated structure is provided between the substrate and the conductive layer, and includes a first semiconductor layer of a first conductive type, a second semiconductor layer of a second conductive type different from the first conductive type, and a light-emitting layer provided between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer. The conductive layer includes a plurality of wire portions extending in a direction orthogonal to a lamination direction of the laminated structure, and is configured to polarize light generated at the light-emitting layer, and an electric current is applied to the light-emitting layer via the plurality of wire portions.

A transparent display panel and a control method and apparatus therefor, a display system, and a computer-readable storage medium. The transparent display panel includes: a liquid crystal panel (11), and a transflective optical film layer (12) disposed on one side of the liquid crystal panel (11), wherein a plurality of microstructures (31) for scattering incident light rays are provided in the transflective optical film layer (12), in order to present a projected image. The transparency level of the transparent display panel is determined by acquiring the ambient light intensity of the transparent display panel or a grayscale average of a projected image at each first region, and the light transmittance level of the liquid crystal panel is adjusted according to the transparency level, thereby improving the projection display effect.

A light source apparatus includes a plurality of light emitting apparatuses. Each of the light emitting apparatuses includes a plurality of light emitting devices each of which has a light emitting area and a non-light emitting area on an emission surface thereof that emits light. At least two light emitting apparatuses of the light emitting apparatuses constitute a light emitting apparatus group disposed such that the emission surfaces of the respective light emitting apparatuses are parallel to each other with a predetermined distance, and that a distance between light emitting areas of the respective light emitting apparatuses when viewed along a direction perpendicular to the emission surfaces of the at least two of the light emitting apparatuses is shorter than a distance between the light emitting areas of the respective light emitting apparatuses when the emission surfaces of the respective light emitting apparatuses are on the same plane.

Visual aid timer systems comprise a visual aid timer that may be displayed to users, and synchronized to an audible alert signal providing expirations of time intervals and/or indications of start and/or stop times in a plurality of intervals used in physical fitness training and/or testing. The visual aid timer system provides a visual indication of time remaining in each of the plurality of intervals for viewing by users thereof. Methods of using the same are further provided.

An imaging system, includes: a laser light source having a wavelength from 380 nm to 490 nm; and a beam guidance element, the laser light source configured for generating an average surface power density of more than 10 W/cm.sup.2, the beam guidance element including a glass which has a quality factor F(436 nm)=S(436 nm)*(Abs.sub.0(436 nm)+Abs.sub.1(436 nm))/k, wherein S(436 nm) is a thermality at a wavelength of 436 nm, Abs.sub.1(436 nm) is an additional absorbance in comparison to Abs.sub.0(436 nm) at a wavelength of 436 nm after an irradiation with a power density of 345 W/cm.sup.2 for 72 hours with a laser light having a wavelength of 455 nm, Abs.sub.0(436 nm) is an absorbance at a wavelength of 436 nm of a sample having a thickness of 100 mm without the irradiation, k is the thermal conductivity, and the quality factor F(436 nm) is <15 ppm/W.

A computer-implemented method, system, and computer program product for generating an aggregated user interface display. The aggregated user interface display includes a physical display of a computing device and a projected display from an electronic pen. Operator interactions with the aggregated user interface display are saved as historical information. The historical information is used to determine a configuration for the aggregated user interface display. The computing device and the electronic pen are controlled to implement the configuration for the aggregated user interface display.