The cost and power consumption of an imaging apparatus are reduced by facilitating detection of an incident angle of a light beam transmitted through a grating substrate. An image sensor converts an optical image captured by pixels arranged on an imaging surface and outputs the converted image signal. A modulator is configured to modulate intensity of light; and an image processing circuit performs image processing of the output image signal. The modulator has a grating substrate, a grating pattern formed on a back surface side of the grating substrate arranged in proximity to the light receiving surface of the image sensor; and a grating pattern formed on a front surface facing the back surface. Each of the grating patterns is constituted of a plurality of concentric circles. The modulator performs intensity modulation on the light transmitted through the grating pattern and outputs the modulated light to the image sensor.

An auto-tracking imaging apparatus according to a preferred aspect of the invention includes: an imaging optical system that is formed of a central optical system, which is a wide-angle optical system disposed on a common optical axis, and an annular optical system which is a telephoto optical system disposed on the common optical axis; a directional sensor that respectively pupil-divides rays incident through the wide-angle and telephoto optical systems so as to selectively receive the rays; a panning/tilting mechanism; an object detection section that detects a tracking target object on the basis of at least a wide-angle image in wide-angle and telephoto images acquired from the directional sensor by an image acquisition section; and a panning/tilting control section that controls the panning/tilting mechanism on the basis of information about a position of the object, which is detected by the object detection section, in the image.

Binocular system, including method and apparatus, for viewing a scene. The system may comprise a left camera and a right camera that create left and right video signals from detected optical radiation. At least one of the cameras may include a sensor that is sensitive to infrared radiation. The system also may comprise a left display and a right display arranged to be viewed by a pair of eyes. The left and right displays may be configured to present respective left video images and right video images formed with visible light based respectively on the left and right video signals.

The present disclosure generally discloses single-aperture multi-sensor lensless compressive image acquisition capabilities. The present disclosure generally discloses a single-aperture multi-sensor lensless camera including a programmable aperture and a set of sensors. The programmable aperture is configured to modulate an amount of light permitted to pass through the programmable aperture and has a shape defined based on a set of vertices of the programmable aperture. The sensors are arranged, with respect to each other, based on the vertices of the programmable aperture. The sensors may be arranged such that respective reference lines, between the respective vertices of the programmable aperture and the respective sensors, are parallel or substantially parallel.

An optical image capturing module and an alignment method and an observation method for an upper substrate and a lower substrate using the optical image capturing module are provided. The upper substrate and the lower substrate are disposed opposite. The alignment method includes the following steps of: emitting a light ray; filtering the light ray and dividing the light ray into a light ray at first wavelength and a light ray at second wavelength, whereby the light ray at first wavelength irradiates a pattern on the upper substrate, and the light ray at second wavelength irradiates a pattern on the lower substrate; reflecting the pattern on the upper substrate to an image capturing device; reflecting the pattern on the lower substrate to the image capturing device; and determining the positions of the pattern on the upper substrate and the pattern on the lower substrate on the image capturing device.

An optical image capturing module and an alignment method and an observation method for an upper substrate and a lower substrate using the optical image capturing module are provided. The upper substrate and the lower substrate are disposed opposite. The alignment method includes the following steps of: emitting a light ray; filtering the light ray and dividing the light ray into a light ray at first wavelength and a light ray at second wavelength, whereby the light ray at first wavelength irradiates a pattern on the upper substrate, and the light ray at second wavelength irradiates a pattern on the lower substrate; reflecting the pattern on the upper substrate to an image capturing device; reflecting the pattern on the lower substrate to the image capturing device; and determining the positions of the pattern on the upper substrate and the pattern on the lower substrate on the image capturing device.

An imaging device comprises an image data acquisition circuit that determines a plurality of focus positions by repeatedly shifting focus position by a given amount, forms subject images at respective focus positions, and acquires, from the subject images that have been formed, a plurality of image data of a first resolution, or a plurality of image data of a second resolution that is different to the first resolution, and an image combination circuit that generates first image data by combining the plurality of image data of the first resolution, or generates second image data by combining the plurality of image data of the second resolution.

An imaging device comprises an image data acquisition circuit that determines a plurality of focus positions by repeatedly shifting focus position by a given amount, forms subject images at respective focus positions, and acquires, from the subject images that have been formed, a plurality of image data of a first resolution, or a plurality of image data of a second resolution that is different to the first resolution, and an image combination circuit that generates first image data by combining the plurality of image data of the first resolution, or generates second image data by combining the plurality of image data of the second resolution.

A light field image capturing apparatus includes: a main lens, configured to transmit light of an object environment, and including an optical axis; a beam generation unit, configured to receive the light transmitted by the main lens and generate plurality Bessel-beams, where the beam generation unit includes plurality slits or conical lenses arranged in an array manner and configured to generate the Bessel-beam respectively; a micro-lens unit, configured to receive the Bessel-beam generated by the beam generation unit, and including plurality micro-lens elements corresponding to the beam generation unit, wherein each micro-lens element is configured to determine a focus point generated after the Bessel-beam passes through each micro-lens element, and a focal length of a distance between the focus point and the micro-lens element; and a light sensing unit, including a focal plane, and configured to enable the focus point to be focused on the focal plane.

A system for reducing the substantially vertical extent of a wide-area biometric system and for reducing the cost and complexity of installation while maintaining high biometric performance, using a substantially horizontally configuration of cameras, preferably with an attention mechanism, and using a precision calibration system that can be used by an unskilled technician and that does not require an accurate site survey or additional materials or equipment.