An electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of outputting an image with suppressed positive ghosting, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a photosensitive layer including a phthalocyanine crystal in which the compound represented by the formula (1) is contained, wherein the content of the compound represented by the formula (1) is 0.1% by mass or more and 1.7% by mass or less based on the phthalocyanine crystal.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of outputting an image with suppressed positive ghosting, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a photosensitive layer including a phthalocyanine crystal in which the compound represented by the formula (1) is contained, wherein the content of the compound represented by the formula (1) is 0.1% by mass or more and 1.7% by mass or less based on the phthalocyanine crystal.

A colorless digital primer for digital printing includes a colorless paste. The colorless paste includes a non-polar carrier fluid, and a resin swollen in the non-polar carrier fluid. The resin is present in the paste in an amount ranging from about 20% (w/w) to about 50% (w/w). A solid polar compound is dispersed in the resin. The solid polar compound is selected from the group consisting of a cellulose microcrystalline powder, dextrin, maltose monohydrate, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, a styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, a bismaleimide oligomer, sucrose, sucrose octaacetate, sucrose benzoate, and combinations thereof. The solid polar compound is present in an amount up to 60 wt. % of solids in the colorless paste.

An electrophotographic member which has resistance to discharge degradation and can maintain the toner releasability for a long period is provided. The electrophotographic member includes a substrate and a surface layer. The surface layer includes a binder resin having an acrylic skeleton and a modified silicone compound having a polyether group and a hydroxyl group in a molecule, the surface layer having a surface having a n-hexadecane contact angle of 30 or more.

An electrophotographic member which has resistance to discharge degradation and can maintain the toner releasability for a long period is provided. The electrophotographic member includes a substrate and a surface layer. The surface layer includes a binder resin having an acrylic skeleton and a modified silicone compound having a polyether group and a hydroxyl group in a molecule, the surface layer having a surface having a n-hexadecane contact angle of 30 or more.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, including: a support; and a photosensitive layer formed on the support, in which a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymerized product of a compound represented by the following structural formula (1). ##STR00001##

An inspection apparatus includes a receiving unit that receives a first image, a registration unit that generates a second image in which multiple first images are continuously arranged based on the first image if the received first image meets a predetermined condition to register the second image as a sample image, a reader that reads a read image, and an inspection unit that inspects a print based on the sample image and the read image read by the reader from the print resulting from formation of an image on a sheet by an image formation unit.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a photosensitive layer containing a charge generating material, a charge transport material, and a binder resin. The photosensitive layer is a multi-layer type photosensitive layer or a single-layer type photosensitive layer. The multi-layer type photosensitive layer includes a charge generating layer that contains the charge generating material and a charge transport layer that contains the charge transport material and the binder resin, and in which the charge transport layer is located on the charge generating layer. The single-layer type photosensitive layer contains the charge generating material, the charge transport material, and the binder resin. The charge transport material is an enamine derivative represented by general formula (1). In general formula (1), R.sub.1, R.sub.2, l, m, and n are each as defined in the specification. ##STR00001##

An elastic deformation rate of a photoconductor, an additive amount of inorganic fine particles, and a rotary member are set to satisfy a relation of 0.6(D/(AB/C))/(1+E/20)0.82, where A is a thickness of fibers of a brush, B is a bristle density of the fibers of the brush, C is a length of the fibers of the brush, D is an elastic deformation rate obtained from a hardness test conducted using a Vickers diamond pyramid indenter at a temperature of 23 C. and a humidity of 50%, and E is the additive amount of the inorganic fine particles relative to 100 parts by mass of toner particles.

A method for producing a metal cylinder includes preparing a metal slug having a polished surface, and molding the metal slug into a cylinder by impact-pressing with the polished surface as a bottom.