An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer is a single layer. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin. The hole transport material includes a compound represented by chemical formula (1-1) or (1-2). The photosensitive layer further contains an n-type pigment. The n-type pigment is preferably an azo pigment or a perylene pigment. ##STR00001##

A photosensitive layer included in an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains at least a charge generating material, a hole transport material, and a binder resin. The hole transport material includes a compound (1). The binder resin includes a polyarylate resin having at least one repeating unit (10) and at least one repeating unit (11). Alternatively, the binder resin includes a polycarbonate resin having a repeating unit (20) and a repeating unit (21). The general formulas (1), (10), (11), (20), and (21) are as follows ##STR00001##

There is provided a process cartridge detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, the process cartridge including: an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a charging member, in which when average local potential differences of calculated lengths in the electrophotographic photosensitive member is calculated based on a specific method, a maximum value of the average local potential difference is 2 V or more, the charging member includes a support and an electro-conductive layer, the electro-conductive layer has a matrix and domains dispersed in the matrix, a volume resistivity M of the matrix is at least 1.0010.sup.5 times a volume resistivity D of the domain, and a specific calculated length S.sub.CP [m] and a specific value relating a distance between the domains D.sub.ms [m] satisfy S.sub.CP3D.sub.ms.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer containing: a copolymerization product of a composition containing a hole-transportable compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a compound having a specific structure; and metal oxide particles.

The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member that reduces the accumulation of charge and the leakage which are caused by a repeated use in a long period of time. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer in this order, wherein the undercoat layer contains a polyamide resin, and a titanium oxide particle, wherein the titanium oxide particle has been surfacetreated with an organosilicon compound, wherein the undercoat layer satisfies 1070, where represents a degree [%] of hydrophobicity of the titanium oxide particle which has been surfacetreated with the organosilicon compound; and the undercoat layer satisfies 0.015()0.040, where represents an average primary particle size [m] of the titanium oxide particles, and represents a weight percentage [wt %] of an Si element of the organosilicon compound with respect to the titanium oxide particle.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can achieve both of abrasion resistance and the suppression of a ghost. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes: a support; an undercoat layer; a charge-generating layer; and a charge-transporting layer, the undercoat layer, the charge-generating layer, and the charge-transporting layer being arranged in the stated order on the support, wherein the charge-transporting layer includes a charge-transporting substance, and a polymer containing a structure represented by the following general formula (1) and a structure represented by the following general formula (2), wherein the charge-generating layer includes a phthalocyanine crystal and a binder resin, and wherein the undercoat layer includes strontium titanate particles and a binder resin. ##STR00001##

An electrophotographic photoconductor includes, in sequence, a support member; an undercoating layer containing a binder resin and an inorganic particle; and a photosensitive layer, wherein the binder resin of the undercoating layer is an alkyd-melamine resin, and the inorganic particle of the undercoating layer contains a strontium titanate particle.

In an image forming apparatus, a cleaning member is pressed against a circumferential surface of an image bearing member and collects a toner remaining on the circumferential surface of the image bearing member. The toner has a number average roundness of 0.965 to 0.998. The toner has a D.sub.50 of 4.0 m to 7.0 m. A linear pressure of the cleaning member on the circumferential surface of the image bearing member is 10 N/m to 40 N/m. The image bearing member includes a single-layer photosensitive layer containing a charge generating material and a hole transport material. Ionization potential Ip.sub.HTM of the hole transport material and ionization potential Ip.sub.CGM of the charge generating material satisfy mathematical formula (1) Ip.sub.HTM5.30 eV, mathematical formula (2) Ip.sub.CGM5.30 eV, and mathematical formula (3) 0.09 eV|Ip.sub.HTMIp.sub.CGM|0.30 eV.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member (1) includes a conductive substrate (2) and a photosensitive layer (3). The photosensitive layer (3) is a single-layer photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer (3) contains at least a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin. The charge generating material includes a metal-free phthalocyanine. The hole transport material includes a triphenylamine derivative represented by general formula (1) shown below. The electron transport material includes a quinone derivative represented by general formula (2) shown below. In general formula (1), R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, m1, m2, k, p, and q are the same as those described in the description. In general formula (2), R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 are the same as those described in the description. ##STR00001##

A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer above a support in this order includes: forming a coating film for a protective layer by coating a coating liquid for the protective layer for forming the protective layer on the photosensitive layer and curing the coating film for the protective layer, in which the coating liquid for the protective layer contains a solvent, a compound represented by a general formula (1), a compound represented by a general formula (2), and a compound represented by a general formula (3) at a specific ratio. In addition, in an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer above a support in this order, the protective layer is obtained by curing a coating liquid for the protective layer.