An image forming apparatus includes: an image carrier that carries a toner image including toner; a driver that rotates the image carrier; a toner remover that comes in contact with the image carrier and removes toner remaining on the image carrier while the image carrier is rotated in a forward direction by the driver; and a hardware processor that evaluates a degree of deterioration of the image carrier or the toner remover, determines a number of times of execution of removal operation in which the image carrier is rotated in a reverse direction and then rotated in the forward direction, on the basis of the degree of deterioration, and controls the driver to cause the removal operation to be executed the number of times of execution.

An image forming apparatus includes a frame side plate. A mounting surface of the frame side plate on which a first electrical board is mounted has a frame protruding plate. An electrical box has a box protruding plate overlapping a side surface of the frame protruding plate when assembling of the electrical box to the frame side plate is completed, and engaging portions for assembling protruding in a thickness direction from the box protruding plate. When the electrical box is assembled to the frame side plate, with the engaging portions for assembling in engagement with first engaged portions formed on a protruding side end of the frame protruding plate, the electrical box as a whole is turned around an axis parallel to an extending direction of the frame protruding plate with the engaged portions as a fulcrum, thereby restricting a trajectory of the electrical box during assembling.

An example image forming apparatus includes a coupling device to perform coupling or decoupling between the image forming apparatus and a consumable, a sensor to sense an opening of a cover of the image forming apparatus, and a processor. When receiving an opening sensing signal of the cover from the sensor, the processor determines whether the consumable coupled to the image forming apparatus corresponds to a consumable access condition, and based on a result of determination, transmits a signal requesting decoupling of the consumable corresponding to the consumable access condition to the coupling device.

A second electrode is laminated on a light emitting layer on an opposite side across the light emitting layer from a first electrode laminated on a silicon substrate. The second electrode is capable of transmitting light. A photoconductor drum is exposed to light by using light transmitted through the second electrode.

An example cartridge may be detachably attached to a main body of an image forming apparatus. The cartridge includes a rotation member and a driven coupler to receive a rotation force to rotate the rotation member. The driven coupler includes a power transmission member connected to the rotation member, an extension member extending from the power transmission member and including an outer diameter portion, a hollow portion, and a through portion, a protrusion member located at the hollow portion and movable between a protrusion position for receiving the rotation force and a retreat position, a switching member inserted into the hollow portion and movable between first and second positions for locating the protrusion member at the protrusion position and the retreat position, respectively, and an elastic member to apply an elastic force to the switching member in a direction for location at the second position.

A parameter determination apparatus includes: a hardware processor that: acquires a value related to a plurality of types of sheet physical properties; and determines a parameter related to sheet processing from an acquired value related to the plurality of types of sheet physical properties, based on a program using at least any of a learning function including artificial intelligence or a statistical method.

According to one embodiment, an image forming apparatus includes a photoreceptor, a charging member, an application unit, and a control unit. An image is formed on the photoreceptor. The charging member is in contact with or close to a surface of the photoreceptor. The application unit applies a voltage to the charging member. The control unit performs control so that a current flowing through the charging member and the photoreceptor becomes a constant current when the photoreceptor is in an unused state, measures a voltage when the constant current flows and stores the measured voltage as a reference voltage, and controls the application unit to apply a voltage obtained by adding correction according to a value indicating a usage amount of the photoreceptor to the reference voltage.

An image forming apparatus includes: a feed tray that contains printing paper therein; a user authentication unit that authenticates a user who is permitted to print; a paper loading detection unit that detects printing paper loaded into the feed tray; a memory device that stores a user authenticated as a paper-supplementing user; a paper feeding mechanism that feeds the printing paper from the feed tray; a paper jam detection unit that detects a paper jam; and a controller that controls a print job. The controller, when a paper jam has occurred, determines whether or not the paper jam is due to the paper-supplementing user having loaded the printing paper in an improper manner. Upon determining that the paper jam is due to the paper-supplementing user having loaded the printing paper in an improper manner, the controller, subsequently when the paper-supplementing user uses, requests that a loading condition be checked.

An image inspection apparatus includes the following. A reader reads a sheet in which an image is printed, reads the sheet together with a background, and obtains a read image. A background member is provided in a position which is to be a background of the sheet when the sheet is read by the reader. A hardware processor extracts sheet outline information of the sheet from the read image and measures a misalignment of a position of the image with relation to the sheet based on the extracted sheet outline information. The hardware processor performs control based on a measured result of the misalignment of the position of the image. The hardware processor adjusts a degree of control performed based on the measured result of the misalignment of the position of the image according to a density difference between the sheet and the background member.

An image reading apparatus includes a conveyance roller to convey a sheet, a light source to illuminate an image on the sheet while being moved in a predetermined direction above the conveyed sheet, a reading sensor to read the image on the sheet while being moved in the predetermined direction above the conveyed sheet, and a controller. The controller controls the reading sensor to read a first image for generating a color profile on a first sheet after the light source emits light for a duration of a first time. The controller controls the reading sensor to read a second image for detecting density unevenness in a main scanning direction of the image forming apparatus on a second sheet after the light source emits light for a duration of a second time shorter than the first time.