A pull-in apparatus configured to pull in a unit toward a predetermined position in an apparatus body includes an arm member, a restriction member, a first action portion and a second action portion. The restriction member is movable between a lock position at which the restriction member restricts movement of the arm member in a first direction and a lock-release position at which the restriction member allows the movement of the arm member in the first direction. Movement of the restriction member from the lock position toward the lock-release position is restricted in a state in which the arm member is at a stand-by position, and is allowed in a state in which the arm member has been moved from the stand-by position in a second direction.

A bearing which supports one end side of a driving roller includes a first restriction portion which is restricted from rotating and moving with respect to a first frame, and a bearing which supports the other end side of the driving roller includes a second restriction portion which is restricted from rotating and moving with respect to a second frame. As viewed from a direction perpendicular to a width direction of an intermediate transfer belt, a phase of shape of the first restriction portion in a state of being held by the first frame and a phase of shape of the second restriction portion in a state of being held by the second frame are equal to each other.

A post-process apparatus may include: a first operation portion that accepts a sheet conveyed from an image forming apparatus and performs a first operation based on a job involved with the sheet, a second operation portion that accepts a sheet manually inserted into the post-process apparatus and performs a second operation different from the first operation, and a control unit that determines timing to perform the second operation in accordance with a condition of the first operation performed.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate. The outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains fluorine-containing resin particles, a fluorine graft polymer, and an acidic compound having an acid dissociation constant (pKa) of 3 or less in water at 25° C. The amount of the acidic compound relative to the outermost surface layer is 100 ppm or more and 10000 ppm or less.

A method of converting a CMYW toner printer to a CMYK printer that prints with black toner, comprising the steps: providing a CMYW toner printer; wherein the CMYW toner printer has four starting toner printing cartridges; wherein the four starting toner printing cartridges comprise a white toner printing cartridge, a cyan toner printing cartridge, a magenta toner printing cartridge, and a yellow toner printing cartridge; removing one or more of the four starting toner printing cartridges from the CMYW toner printer, such that there are one or more empty toner cartridge slots; providing a black toner printing cartridge that are each filled with black toner; and installing the black toner printing cartridge into the one or more empty toner cartridge slots.

A cancellation operation of a fixing nip and movement of a transfer roller are interlocked with each other. In the image forming apparatus, at least a first state in which the relative position is arranged at a fixing position and the transfer roller is arranged at a transfer position, a second state in which the relative position is arranged at a transfer nip cancellation position and the transfer roller is arranged at a transfer nip cancellation position, and a third state in which the relative position is arranged at a fixing nip cancellation position and the transfer roller is arranged at one of an intermediate position between the transfer position and the transfer nip cancellation position and the transfer position may be taken as a combination state of the relative position between the fixing roller and the facing member and the position of the transfer roller.

An image forming apparatus includes a main body including an image forming unit to form an image on a recording medium and a tray that rotates between an open state and a closed state relative to the main body, the tray on which the recording medium is placed. The tray includes a first component located exterior to the image forming apparatus in the closed state and a second component in contact with the recording medium on the tray in the open state. The first or second component includes at least one groove portion which extends in a conveyance direction of the recording medium and the other includes at least one convex portion extending in the conveyance direction. The first and second components are bonded by adhering, with an adhesive, the at least one groove portion and the at least one convex portion put inside the at least one groove portion.

A diagnostic device includes a reception unit and a determination unit. The reception unit is configured to receive context information and sensing information. The context information corresponds to a certain operation of a target item that constitutes a target device. The context information is a piece of a plurality of pieces of context information each describing an operation of the target item determined depending on a type of operation of the target device. The sensing information is on a physical quantity that varies in accordance with the operation of the target item. The determination unit is configured to determine a state of the target item based on the sensing information detected while the target item is performing the certain operation, and based on a model corresponding to the received context information. The model is a model of one or more models respectively defined for one or more pieces of the context information.

A diagnostic device includes a reception unit and a determination unit. The reception unit is configured to receive context information and sensing information. The context information corresponds to a certain operation of a target item that constitutes a target device. The context information is a piece of a plurality of pieces of context information each describing an operation of the target item determined depending on a type of operation of the target device. The sensing information is on a physical quantity that varies in accordance with the operation of the target item. The determination unit is configured to determine a state of the target item based on the sensing information detected while the target item is performing the certain operation, and based on a model corresponding to the received context information. The model is a model of one or more models respectively defined for one or more pieces of the context information.

An image forming apparatus includes: a fixing roller configured to fix an image on a sheet with heat, a rotary member configured to form a nip portion with the fixing roller and driven by the fixing roller, a motor configured to drive the fixing roller, a motor control unit configured to control the motor, a current detection unit configured to detect a current value of a current flowing through the motor, a controller configured to: determine whether or not a stick-slip phenomenon has occurred based on the current value; increase a rotation speed of the motor in a case where the stick-slip phenomenon has occurred, decrease the rotation speed of the motor in a case where the stick-slip phenomenon has not occurred.