In one embodiment, a fluid transfer film for transferring a fluid comprises an extruded polymer layer having a thickness less than 5 millimeters; an input side and an output side where the fluid flows in a flow direction through an active region from the input side to the output side; and more than 10 fluid channels defined by interior surfaces within the extruded polymer layer formed during in an extrusion process, each fluid channel of the more than 10 fluid channels is separated spatially in at least 1 row in a thickness direction of the fluid transfer film, the more than 10 fluid channels have a channel density across the active region greater than 5 fluid channels per centimeter, wherein the interior surfaces defining the more than 10 fluid channels are hydrophilic, and the fluid flows through the more than 10 fluid channels by at least capillary action.

In one embodiment, a fluid transfer film for transferring a fluid comprises an extruded polymer layer having a thickness less than 5 millimeters; an input side and an output side where the fluid flows in a flow direction through an active region from the input side to the output side; and more than 10 fluid channels defined by interior surfaces within the extruded polymer layer formed during in an extrusion process, each fluid channel of the more than 10 fluid channels is separated spatially in at least 1 row in a thickness direction of the fluid transfer film, the more than 10 fluid channels have a channel density across the active region greater than 5 fluid channels per centimeter, wherein the interior surfaces defining the more than 10 fluid channels are hydrophilic, and the fluid flows through the more than 10 fluid channels by at least capillary action.

There is described an automated liquid management system for a liquid container such as a bathtub. The system comprises a faucet or a shower head, a drain closure, a level sensor and a controller operatively coupled to thereto. The controller operates the faucet or a shower head, the drain closure and the level sensor to monitor and control the level of liquid in the container.

A drive circuit for a solenoid valve having a coil and a poppet configured to translate within the coil includes a drive switch operable to de-energize the coil to translate the poppet toward a closed position, a sensor configured to detect the poppet translating within the solenoid valve, and a drive circuit configured to energize and de-energize the coil of the solenoid valve to translate the poppet of the solenoid valve between an open position and a closed position. The drive circuit includes a controller configured to receive a closure signal from the sensor, determine a closing time of the solenoid valve based on the closure signal, determine a time delay between de-energizing the coil and the determined closing time, and determine a fluid flow value of fluid flowing through the solenoid valve based on the determined time delay.

A drive circuit for a solenoid valve having a coil and a poppet configured to translate within the coil includes a drive switch operable to de-energize the coil to translate the poppet toward a closed position, a sensor configured to detect the poppet translating within the solenoid valve, and a drive circuit configured to energize and de-energize the coil of the solenoid valve to translate the poppet of the solenoid valve between an open position and a closed position. The drive circuit includes a controller configured to receive a closure signal from the sensor, determine a closing time of the solenoid valve based on the closure signal, determine a time delay between de-energizing the coil and the determined closing time, and determine a fluid flow value of fluid flowing through the solenoid valve based on the determined time delay.

An optical flow meter includes a substrate; a microchannel with a fluid receiver; a fluid transmitter; a fluid member with an optical interaction region; a photo interaction region; an analytical light path, such that analytical light interacts with an analyte in a photo interaction region subsequent to an interaction of a pre-analyte with activation light in an optical interaction region to produce analyte; and a detection light path disposed in the substrate, arranged at an oblique angle or right angle to the fluid member proximate to the photo interaction region, and that: receives the photoanalyte light from the photo interaction region; and communicates the photoanalyte light from the microchannel to a photodetector, the optical flow meter determines a flow rate of the analyte.

An air duct includes a shell, a first annular chamber defined along a circumference of the sidewall and fluidly coupled with an inner volume defined by the shell through multiple first openings, a second annular chamber defined along the circumference of the shell at a longitudinal position downstream of the first annular chamber, and fluidly coupled with the inner volume of the shell through multiple second openings, a first pressure sensing coupler, a second pressure sensing coupler, a first field accessible coupler, and a second field accessible coupler. The first pressure sensing coupler is fluidly coupled with the first annular chamber and the second pressure sensing coupler is fluidly coupled with the second annular chamber for pressure detection. The first and second field accessible couplers are fluidly coupled with the first and second annular chambers for providing pressurized air to the first annular chamber and the second annular chamber.

An air duct includes a shell, a first annular chamber defined along a circumference of the sidewall and fluidly coupled with an inner volume defined by the shell through multiple first openings, a second annular chamber defined along the circumference of the shell at a longitudinal position downstream of the first annular chamber, and fluidly coupled with the inner volume of the shell through multiple second openings, a first pressure sensing coupler, a second pressure sensing coupler, a first field accessible coupler, and a second field accessible coupler. The first pressure sensing coupler is fluidly coupled with the first annular chamber and the second pressure sensing coupler is fluidly coupled with the second annular chamber for pressure detection. The first and second field accessible couplers are fluidly coupled with the first and second annular chambers for providing pressurized air to the first annular chamber and the second annular chamber.

A controller for an HVAC system includes processing circuitry configured to perform a volumetric offset control (VOC) scheme based on a flowrate offset setpoint to operate a valve to drive an actual flowrate offset between a supply rate of air entering a space and an exhaust rate of air leaving the space toward the flowrate offset setpoint. In some embodiments, the valve is configured to control the supply rate of air entering the space or the exhaust rate of air leaving the space and to provide sensor data indicating a flowrate therethrough. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry is configured to monitor a pressure of the space to detect a pressure condition and update the flowrate offset setpoint in response to detecting the pressure condition. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry is configured to perform the VOC scheme based on the updated offset flowrate setpoint.

A controller for an HVAC system includes processing circuitry configured to perform a volumetric offset control (VOC) scheme based on a flowrate offset setpoint to operate a valve to drive an actual flowrate offset between a supply rate of air entering a space and an exhaust rate of air leaving the space toward the flowrate offset setpoint. In some embodiments, the valve is configured to control the supply rate of air entering the space or the exhaust rate of air leaving the space and to provide sensor data indicating a flowrate therethrough. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry is configured to monitor a pressure of the space to detect a pressure condition and update the flowrate offset setpoint in response to detecting the pressure condition. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry is configured to perform the VOC scheme based on the updated offset flowrate setpoint.