Exemplary embodiments are disclosed of systems including electronic differential pressure sensors for electronically controlling stepper gas valves to modulate fuel flow in PAM combustion systems (e.g., PAM furnace systems, etc.). Also disclosed are exemplary methods for electronically modulating fuel flow in pressure augmented modulation (PAM) combustion systems.

An object of the invention of the present application is to provide a hydraulic system that is capable of causing a control pressure outputted from a solenoid valve to follow a control request value quickly at the time the solenoid valve starts to be driven. To achieve the object, in the hydraulic system including a solenoid valve that generates a control pressure for operating a control valve, an operation device that is operated to input a control request value as a request value for the control pressure, and a controller configured to set a control target value as a target value for the control pressure depending on the control request value and drive the solenoid valve with the control target value, the controller sets the control target value such that the control target value becomes a maximum output pressure in a usage range of the solenoid valve at the time of starting to drive the solenoid valve and becomes gradually closer to the control request value as time elapses after having reached the maximum output pressure.

A sensor-operated kitchen faucet comprises a base, a mixing valve, a control assembly and a spout. The base extends vertically to define an inner space. The mixing valve is disposed in the inner space and communicated to a cold source and a hot source to supply a combined fluid. The control assembly comprises a inlet conduit, a outlet conduit, a cushioning member, a solenoid valve and a sensor. The inlet conduit is connected to the mixing valve to receive the combined fluid, the cushioning member comprises an outer tubing and an inner tubing, and the solenoid valve is electrically connected to the sensor and movably disposed at a connecting port communicated between the outer tubing the inner tubing. The spout is fluidly connected to the outlet conduit of the control assembly through a connecting conduit to supply the combined fluid.

Disclosed is a flow control system for digital and mechanical redundant pressure compensation. On the basis of an original pressure compensation valve, two-position three-way electromagnetic valves are added to control the opening and closing of pressure compensation valves. Furthermore, pressure sensors and a controller are added, so that the system has a digital pressure compensation function. When the pressure sensor breaks down, the flow control system is switched to a mechanical compensation mode to achieve mechanical pressure compensation, the problem that system flow cannot be controlled when the sensor breaks down is solved, and the purpose of redundancy control is achieved. Moreover, the pressure compensation valve in the loop where the highest load is located can be controlled to be completely opened through the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve to reduce pressure loss of the valve port, and the pressure is not affected by load fluctuation.

A leak detector structure includes a base, a valve cylinder assembly, a rotary latch and an expansion member, the base includes a valve body, an inlet joint and an outlet joint, a receiving channel is defined in the valve body. The valve cylinder assembly includes a valve cylinder, a rotatable handle and a torsion spring, the valve cylinder is inserted in the receiving channel and connected with the rotatable handle, a communicating channel is defined in the valve cylinder, the communicating channel is operably passable or blocked with respect to the inlet joint and the outlet joint, and the torsion spring is fixed to the rotatable handle for pre-twisting. The rotary latch is pivotally connected to the base, and the rotary latch includes a snapping portion for engagement with the corresponding rotatable handle and a passive arm extended from the snapping portion.

A measuring head includes a first slide mechanism for a first measurement axis provided to be detachable to external moving devices; a second slide mechanism for a second measurement axis held to be movable by the first slide mechanism; a third slide mechanism for a third measurement axis held to be movable by the second slide mechanism; a probe held to be movable by the third slide mechanism; pneumatic cylinders for connecting slider parts and guide parts included in each slide mechanism; and automatic pressure regulators for respectively changing air pressures supplied to each pneumatic cylinder in accordance with measurement postures of the measuring head.

An apparatus for controlling precursor flow. The apparatus may include a processor; and a memory unit coupled to the processor, including a flux control routine. The flux control routine may be operative on the processor to monitor the precursor flow and may include a flux calculation processor to determine a precursor flux value based upon a change in detected signal intensity received from a cell of a gas delivery system to deliver a precursor.

An apparatus for controlling precursor flow. The apparatus may include a processor; and a memory unit coupled to the processor, including a flux control routine. The flux control routine may be operative on the processor to monitor the precursor flow and may include a flux calculation processor to determine a precursor flux value based upon a change in detected signal intensity received from a cell of a gas delivery system to deliver a precursor.

A control device for controlling the pressure of a fluid, and a porometer that includes the control device. A regulating unit includes a pipe system for conveying a fluid and a regulating device associated with the pipe system. The regulating unit includes a first pressure regulator and a second pressure regulator, and the first and second pressure regulators each generate a regulating variable for an actuator for configuring the flow of the fluid in the pipe system; and a controller. The first pressure regulator is arranged on the inlet side in the pipe system. The second pressure regulator is arranged in series downstream of the first pressure regulator with respect to the direction of flow of the fluid in the pipe system. The controller is configured to specify a pressure setpoint value as a reference variable for the first pressure regulator and the second pressure regulator.

An apparatus is provided for maintaining a steady flow rate and pressure of a carbon dioxide stream at high pressure when a low-pressure source of the carbon dioxide varies with time. Liquid level in an accumulator that is sized to accommodate variations in supply rate is controlled by sub-cooling of liquid entering the accumulator and heating in the accumulator, the sub-cooling and heating being controlled by a pressure controller operable in the accumulator.