A chemical injection system for a resource extraction system includes a controller having a memory and a processor. The memory stores instructions that cause the processor to receive a first pressure from a first pressure sensor of the resource extraction system, receive a second pressure from a second pressure sensor of the resource extraction system, determine a flowrate of a produced fluid of the resource extraction system based on the first pressure and the second pressure, determine an ion concentration of the produced fluid, and adjust an injection rate of a chemical into the resource extraction system based on the flowrate of the produced fluid, the ion concentration of the produced fluid, or both.

A method of operating a liquid separator includes detecting a volume of a multi-phase liquid mixture inside the operating liquid separator using one or more detectors; determining, from a signal of the one or more detectors, a volume of the multi-phase liquid mixture; determining an amount of a chemical treatment, or other operating parameter, based on the volume of the multi-phase liquid mixture; and applying the amount of chemical treatment, or other operating parameter, to the separator.

A method of operating a liquid separator includes detecting a volume of a multi-phase liquid mixture inside the operating liquid separator using one or more detectors; determining, from a signal of the one or more detectors, a volume of the multi-phase liquid mixture; determining an amount of a chemical treatment, or other operating parameter, based on the volume of the multi-phase liquid mixture; and applying the amount of chemical treatment, or other operating parameter, to the separator.

Provided are a method and an arrangement for operating a metallurgical furnace. The method comprises a feeding step, and a temperature controlling step for controlling the temperature of a molten metal layer and a slag layer in a furnace space of the metallurgical furnace. The temperature controlling step comprises a first measuring step for measuring the slag temperature (T.sub.slag), a second measuring step for measuring the slag liquidus temperature (T.sub.slag, liquidus), and a calculating step for calculating a superheat temperature (T.sub.superheat) by calculating the temperature difference between the slag temperature (T.sub.slag) and the slag liquidus temperature (T.sub.slag, liquidus). In case the calculated superheat temperature (T.sub.superheat) is outside a predefined superheat temperature range (T.sub.superheat set), the method comprises an adjusting step for adjusting to adjust the actual superheat temperature. Also provided are computer program products.

Provided are a method and an arrangement for operating a metallurgical furnace. The method comprises a feeding step, and a temperature controlling step for controlling the temperature of a molten metal layer and a slag layer in a furnace space of the metallurgical furnace. The temperature controlling step comprises a first measuring step for measuring the slag temperature (T.sub.slag), a second measuring step for measuring the slag liquidus temperature (T.sub.slag, liquidus), and a calculating step for calculating a superheat temperature (T.sub.superheat) by calculating the temperature difference between the slag temperature (T.sub.slag) and the slag liquidus temperature (T.sub.slag, liquidus). In case the calculated superheat temperature (T.sub.superheat) is outside a predefined superheat temperature range (T.sub.superheat set), the method comprises an adjusting step for adjusting to adjust the actual superheat temperature. Also provided are computer program products.

An Automous vehicle (AV) is configured on a railway system. The AV can be configured among the other vehicles and railway to communicate with a rider on a peer to peer basis to pick up the rider on demand, rather than the rider being held hostage to a fixed railway schedule. The rider can have an application on his/her cell phone, which tracks each of the AVs, and contact them using the application on the cell phone.

A chemical injection system for a resource extraction system includes a controller having a memory and a processor. The memory stores instructions that cause the processor to receive a first pressure from a first pressure sensor of the resource extraction system, receive a second pressure from a second pressure sensor of the resource extraction system, determine a flowrate of a produced fluid of the resource extraction system based on the first pressure and the second pressure, determine an ion concentration of the produced fluid, and adjust an injection rate of a chemical into the resource extraction system based on the flowrate of the produced fluid, the ion concentration of the produced fluid, or both.

A chemical injection system for a resource extraction system includes a controller having a memory and a processor. The memory stores instructions that cause the processor to receive a first pressure from a first pressure sensor of the resource extraction system, receive a second pressure from a second pressure sensor of the resource extraction system, determine a flowrate of a produced fluid of the resource extraction system based on the first pressure and the second pressure, determine an ion concentration of the produced fluid, and adjust an injection rate of a chemical into the resource extraction system based on the flowrate of the produced fluid, the ion concentration of the produced fluid, or both.

A system and method for pH neutralizing waste liquid is provided. The waste liquid to be treated is collected in a treatment tank, and the initial pH of the waste liquid is determined. The initial pH value of the waste liquid is then compared to high and low reference pH values which are the highest and lowest acceptable pH values for the waste liquid after treatment. In accordance with the comparison of the initial pH value of the waste liquid to be treated and the reference pH values, either an acid neutralizer or a base neutralizer is added to the waste liquid using one or more venturis as the waste liquid is being pumped from the treatment tank through a recirculation line until the desired end pH value of the treated waste liquid is equal to or between the reference high and low pH values. After treatment with an acid or base, the treated waste liquid may be discharged from the treatment tank to a drain, sewer, or other destination.

A device and a method for repeatedly modifying the composition of a fluid. The device includes a first module (19) modifying the composition of the fluid, a second module (21) modifying the composition of the fluid and a dwell module (20) with an inlet (8) and an outlet (10). The first module is connected in a fluid-conducting manner to the dwell module inlet and the dwell module outlet is connected in a fluid-conducting manner to the second module. Either the first or the second module is a filter unit, or the first module is a first filter unit and the second module is a second filter unit. The filter unit(s) include(s) at least one first filter medium (4, 14) delimiting a supply channel (2, 12) and a retentate channel (1, 11) and at least one second filter medium (5, 15) delimiting the retentate channel and a permeate channel (3, 13).